Languishers). – To be thrown into the group of Idiots! – what’s an expression! To be diminished
by being accepted into the ranks of gentlemen? And here goes the justification: “To dig soil? But
at the age of 23 he not only never did it – he never saw a shovel in his life.” Well then the little
Jew had no other choice but to become an Idiot.
Or read what Levitin-Krasnov wrote about one Pinsky, a literature expert, that he was a
nurse in the camp. Which means that he, on the camp scale, has landed on his feet. However,
Levitin presents this as an example of the greatest humiliation possible for a professor of the
humanities.
Or take prisoner who survived, Lev Razgon, a journalist and not a medic at all, who was
heavily published afterwards. But from his story in Ogonek (1988) we find that he used to be a
medic in the camp’s medical unit, and moreover an unescorted medic. (From other his stories we
can figure out that he also worked as a senior controller at a horrible timber logging station. But
there is not a single story from which we can conclude that he ever participated in common
labor.)
Or a story of Frank Dikler, a Jew from faraway Brazil: he was imprisoned and couldn’t
speak Russian, of course, and guess what? He had pull in the camp, and he has became a chief of
the medical unit’s kitchen – a truly magnificent treasure! Or Alexandr Voronel, who was a
political youngster when he landed in the camps, says that immediately after getting in the camp,
he was “readily assisted by other Jewish inmates, who had not a slightest idea about my political
views.” A Jewish inmate, responsible for running the bathhouse (a very important Idiot as well)
spotted him instantly and “ordered him to come if he needs any help”; a Jew from prisoner
security (also an Idiot) told another Jew, a brigadier: “There are two Jewish guys, Hakim, don’t
allow them to get in trouble.” And the brigadier gave them strong protection. Other thieves,
especially “elders,” approved of him: You are so right, Hakim! You support your own kin! Yet
we, Russians, are like wolves to each other.
And let’s not forget that even during camp imprisonment, by virtue of a common
stereotype regarding all Jews as businessmen, many of them were getting commercial offers,
sometimes even when they didn’t actively look for such enterprises. Take, for instance, M.
Hafez. He emphatically notes: “What a pity that I can’t describe you those camp situations.
There are so many rich, beautiful stories! However, the ethical code of a reliable Jew seals my
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mouth. You know even the smallest commercial secret should be kept forever. That’s the law of
the Tribe.”
A Lett, Ane Bernstein, one of my witnesses from Archipelago, thinks that he managed to
survive in the camps only because in times of hardship he asked the Jews for help and that the
Jews, judging by his last name and nimble manners, mistook him for their Tribesman and always
provided assistance. He says that in all his camps Jews always constituted the upper crust, and
that the most important free employees were also Jews (Shulman – head of special department,
Greenberg – head of camp station, Kegels – chief mechanic of the factory), and, according to his
recollections, they also preferred to select Jewish inmates to staff their units.
This particular Jewish national contract between free bosses and inmates is impossible to
overlook. A free Jew was not so stupid to actually see an Enemy of the People or an evil
character preying on the people’s property in an imprisoned Jew (unlike what a dumb-headed
Russian saw in another Russian.) He in the first place saw a suffering Tribesman – and I praise
them for this sobriety! Those who know about the historic terrific Jewish mutual supportiveness
would understand that a free Jewish boss simply could not indifferently watch Jewish prisoners
flounder in starvation and die, and not help. But I am unable to imagine a free Russian employee
who would save and promote his fellow Russian prisoners to the privileged positions only
because of their nationality. Though we lost 15 million people during collectivization, we are
still numerous. You can’t care about everyone, and nobody would even think about it.
Sometimes, when such a team of Jewish inmates smoothly bands together and are no no
longer impeded by the ferocious struggle for survival, they can engage in extraordinary
activities. An engineer named Abram Zisman tells us: “In Novo-Archangelsk camp, in our spare
time, we decided to count how many Jewish pogroms occurred over the course of Russian
history. We managed to excite the curiosity of our camp command on this question (they had a
peaceful attitude toward us.) The Nachlag [camp commander] was captain Gremin (N. Gershel, a
Jew, son of a tailor from Zhlobin.) He sent an inquiry to the archives of the former Interior
Department requesting the necessary information, and after eight months we received an official
reply that 76 Jewish pogroms occurred between 1811 and 1917 on the territory of Russia with
the number of victims estimated at approximately 3,000. (That is, the total number of those who
suffered in any way.) The author reminds us that during one six-month period in medieval Spain
more than twenty thousand Jews were killed.
A plot-like atmosphere emanates from the recollections of Josef Berger, a communist,
about a highly-placed snitch named Lev Ilyich Inzhir. A former Menshevik, arrested in 1930, he
immediately began collaborating with the GPU, fearing reprisals against his family and the loss
of his apartment in the center of Moscow. He helped to prepare the Menshevik trial of 1931,
falsely testified against his best friends, was absolved and immediately appointed as a chief
accountant of Belomorstroi. During the Yezhovschina he was a chief accountant of the GULAG
enjoying the complete trust of his superiors and with connections to the very top NKVD
officials. (Inzhir recalled one Jewish NKVD veteran who interlarded his words with aphorisms
from Talmud.) He was arrested later again, this time in the wave of anti-Yezhov purges
following the Malignant Dwarf’s fall. However, Inzhir’s former colleagues from the GULAG
favorably arranged his imprisonment. At this point he turned into an explicit snitch and
provocateur, and other inmates suspected that the plentiful parcels he was receiving were not
from his relatives but directly from the Third Department. Nevertheless, later in 1953 in the
Tayshet camp, he was sentenced to an additional jail term, this time being accused of Trotskyism
and of concealing his sympathies for the State of Israel from the Third Department.
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Of worldwide infamy, BelBallag absorbed hundreds of thousands of Russian, Ukrainian
and Middle Asian peasants between 1931 and 1932. Opening a newspaper issue from August
1933 dedicated to the completion of the canal between the White and Baltic seas, we find a list
of awardees. Lower ranking orders and medals were awarded to concreters, steelfixers, etc, but
the highest degree of decoration, the Order of Lenin, was awarded to eight men only, and we can
see large photographs of each. Only two of them were actual engineers, the rest were the chief
commanders of the canal (according to Stalin’s understanding of personal contribution.) And
whom do we see here? Genrikh Yagoda, head of NKVD. Matvei Berman, head of GULAG.
Semen Firin, commander of BelBaltlag (by that time he was already the commander of Dmitlag,
where the story will later repeat itself), Lazar Kogan, head of construction (later he will serve the
same function at Volgocanal.) Jacob Rapoport, deputy head of construction. Naftaly Frenkel,
chief manager of the labor force of Belomorstroi (and the evil demon of the whole Archipelago).
And all their portraits were enlarged and reprinted again in the solemnly shameful book
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