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Pereyaslavl, and Borisov. Insignificant disorders took place somewhere in Melitopol Uezd.
There were cases when peasants immediately compensated Jews for their losses.
The pogrom movement in Kishinev, which began on 20 April, was nipped in the bud.
There were no pogroms in all of Byelorussia—not in that year, nor in the following years,
although in Minsk a panic started among the Jews during rumors about pogroms in the
Southwestern Krai, on account of a completely unexpected occurrence. And next in Odessa.
Only Odessa already knew Jewish pogroms in the 19th century, in 1821, 1859, and 1871. Those
were sporadic events, caused mainly by unfriendliness toward Jews on
the part of the local Greek
population, on account of the commercial competition of the Jews and Greeks. In 1871 there was
a three-day pogrom of hundreds of Jewish taverns, shops, and homes, but without human
fatalities.
I.G. Orshanskiy writes in more detail about this pogrom, and states, that Jewish property
was intentionally destroyed: heaps of watches from the jewelers – they did not steal them, but
carried them out to the roadway and smashed them. He agrees that the nerve center of the
pogrom was hostility toward the Jews on the part of the Greek merchants, particularly owing to
the fact, that after the Crimean War the Odessa Jews took the grocery trade and colonial
commodities from the Greeks. But there was a general dislike toward the Jews on the part of the
Christian population of Odessa. This hostility manifested far more consciously and prominently
among the intelligent and affluent class than among the common working people. You see,
however, that different peoples get along in Odessa; why then did only Jews arouse general
dislike toward themselves, which sometimes turns into severe hatred? One high school teacher
explained to his class: “The Jews are engaged in incorrect economic relations with the rest of
population.” Orshanskiy objects that such an explanation removes the heavy burden of moral
responsibility. He sees the same reason in the psychological influence of Russian legislation,
which singles out the Jews, namely and only to place restrictions on them. And in the attempt of
Jews to break free from restrictions, people see impudence, insatiableness, and grabbing. As a
result, in 1881 the Odessa administration, already having experience with pogroms – which other
local authorities did not have – immediately put down disorders which were reignited several
times, and the masses of thugs were placed in vessels and dragged away from the shore – a
highly resourceful method. (In contradiction to the pre-revolutionary, the modern
Encyclopedia
writes, that this time the pogrom in Odessa continued for three days.)
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