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was great evil, yes, but paradoxically the hope of humanity. Magnes went beyond the promises
of the Bolsheviks. “The French
Revolution was also bloody, but justified by history. A Jew is by
nature an idealist. It is significant that so many Jews are Bolsheviks; that the ideals of
Bolshevism at many points are consistent with the highest ideals of Judaism, partly form the
basis for the teaching of the founder of Christianity. All thinking Jews must consider this
carefully, and avoid the recklessness of seeing only Bolshevism’s repulsive aspects.”
However, should not Judaism above all recall the one great God? Even if only for the
reason that He is incompatible with godless Bolshevism?
All the thinking, all the looking for the motives of so many Jewish participants in the
Bolshevik enterprise. I.M. Bickerman writes: “It would be possible in the face of such facts to
despair for the future of our people if we did not know that of all epidemics, the worst is verbal
infection. To speak of why the Jewish consciousness was so receptive to this kind of infection
would be take too long. The reasons lie not only in
the circumstances of yesterday, but also in the
what was inherited by us from an antiquity of submission, a Jewish predisposition to subversive
ideology.”
Join us and Bulgakov, “The presence of Jews in Russian Bolshevism is by no means a
legitimate face of Israel. It has created in the soul of Israel a terrifying spiritual crisis,
accompanied by brutality.”
As for the argument about the harassment experienced in the past as the root cause of this
jump from Russian Jews to Bolsheviks, we should further consider the two communist coups
elsewhere in Europe which occurred almost simultaneously with that of Lenin, in Bavaria and
Hungary. We read in I. Levin: “The number of Jews who are members of the Bolshevik régime
in both countries is enormous. In Bavaria we find among the commissars the Jews Levin and
Axelrod, the
anarchist ideologist Landauer, the playwright Ernst Toller.”
The leadership of the Bolshevik movement in Hungary reached 95 percent. In the
meantime, the legal status of Jews in Hungary was fine. There were no restrictions on the rights
of the Jews, and legal discrimination no longer existed there. On the contrary, the Jews in
Hungary occupied cultural and economic positions which legitimately allowed the anti-Semites
to speak of Jewish domination. Here you can add a note from a contemporary prominent Jewish
journalist in America, to the effect that German Jews “have flourished and achieved a high
position in Germany.” So here there is no persecution that forced the Jewish people to become
revolutionaries. No pogroms.
The Bolshevik-backed coups in Hungary and Bavaria were instigated significantly by
propagandized “returning prisoners.” Those two revolutions we even touch on in Chapter XVI.
All those insurgents and those beyond the ocean united and erupted in an outburst of unbridled
revolutionary internationalism, the rush to a permanent world revolution. But the success of Jews
in the Bolshevik administration was rather clearly seen in Europe and in the United States, and
by and large met with the support of their co-religionists. The American Jewish community in
particular met the turn from February to October with almost completely unanimous approval
and joy.
Meanwhile, the Bolsheviks did not doze in their overseas transactions, mainly through
Stockholm. From the April 1917 return to Russia of Lenin and his cohorts in the infamous sealed
train, the party received hidden help from German sources through the Swedish “Nya Banken”
Olof Aschberg. But some Russian bankers also hastened the revolution by become voluntary
Bolsheviks. American researcher Anthony Sutton, managed, albeit with a delay of half a century,
to locate important archival documents. He informs us that according to a report in 1918,
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directed from the American ambassador in Stockholm to the State Department, one of these
Bolshevik bankers was the infamous Dmitry Rubinstein, freed from prison by the February
Revolution. He was moved to Stockholm and became the financial agent of the Bolsheviks.
Another Bolshevik banker was Abram Zhivotovsky, a relative of Trotsky and Lev Kamenev. The
syndicate included, with Zhivotovsky, Denisov from the former Siberian Bank, Kamenka from
the Azov-Don Bank and David of the Bank for Foreign Trade. Other Bolshevik bankers were
Gregory Lessin, Stifter, Jacob Berlin and the agent Isidore Cohn.
Meanwhile, thousands of Jews sailed from America to return to Russia. These were
partly returning exiles and partly latter-day revolutionaries who dreamed of building a new
happy world. Some of these we have already discussed in Chapter XIV. They sailed and sailed
across
the oceans, month after month, from the New
York Harbor to the east, from San Francisco
in the west, some of them past Russian subjects, and some just American enthusiasts who did not
know a word of the Russian language.
In 1919 A.V. Tyrkova-Williams wrote in a book published in England: “Among the
Bolshevik leadership there are very few Russians. A few people have embraced all-Russian
culture and the interests of
the Russian people, but along with obvious foreigners Bolshevism has
attracted many followers, including a number of immigrants who have lived many years abroad.
Some had never been to Russia. Among them are a great many Jews. They speak Russian badly.
The people over whom they have seized
power are alien to them, and they behave like the victors
in a conquered country. And if in Czarist Russia Jews were not allowed to hold public posts and
schools and public services were closed to them, in the Soviet Republic all the committees and
offices are filled with Jews. They often change their Jewish names to Russian ones, but this
masquerade fools nobody.”
Also in 1919, at the Senate hearings on the commission Overmena, we hear from R. B.
Dennis, a university professor in Illinois, who arrived in Russia in November 1917: “I think
differently from the views of other Americans, British and French. These people developed in
Russia the greatest cruelty and rigor on the question of violence against the bourgeoisie. Another
indication: of those who lead the murderous propaganda and fight in the trenches, and
in the rear,
some lived in New York, a year or two ago.” (i.e., 1917-1918) .
In February 1920 in the London
Sunday Herald (in the article
Zionism versus
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