The Last Years of the Reign
In the last years of the reign of Alexander I, there were general economic and other
prohibitions against Jewish activities. Golitsyn reported to the Committee of Ministers that
“Christians are living in the homes of the Jews, not just forgetting and living without fulfilling
the duties of the Christian faith, but taking the customs and rituals of Jewish worship.”
The decision was taken to prohibit Jews to take in servants of the Christian faith. It was
considered that “it would be good for the poor Jews who could replace Christian servants”.
However, this did not happen. (And no wonder: in the Jewish city there was mass poverty and
misery, urban Jews being mostly poor, barely earning their livelihood, but never was the
opposite was observed: the Jews did not go into home service for Christians.) From 1823
Christians were allowed to rent property to Jews in the case of tax-farmers only. There were as
always endless loopholes around the law, in many cases the law was simply ignored, and strict
observance of the ban was almost never carried out in practice. .
In those same years, in response to the rapid development of the sect of Subbotniks, in
Voronezh, Samara, Tula and other provinces of the Pale steps were taken steps to taken to
suppress the worst Jewish abuses. For example, in 1821 the Jews who were charged with
“grievous bondage” of peasants and Cossacks, were expelled from the rural areas of Chernigov
province, and in 1822 from the villages of Poltava.
In 1824, when riding in the Ural mountain range on a botanical expedition, Czar
Alexander I noticed a significant number of Jews who engaged in the secret purchase of precious
metals, corrupting local inhabitants to the detriment of the treasury and private investors. They
similarly undermined the treasury by engaging in widespread smuggling along the western
border of Russia, transportation of goods and products in both capital and in trade. Governors
denounced them, asserting that smuggling involved mostly Jews, especially in densely populated
border strips. In 1816 there an order was issued in Volyn province completely to evict all Jews
from a 50-vёrst border strip. The eviction from this province lasted five years and was
considered only partially successful; from 1821 on the new governor allowed the Jews to return.
In 1825 a government resolution was held in common, but was much more cautious: only those
Jews who had not been assigned to a local kagalom would be subject to expulsion, or who had
property in the border that could be used as bases for smuggling. However, the measure was not
carried out consistently.
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