2. Write about the approaches to teach grammar

2.Write about the approaches to teach grammar
There are two main approaches to teaching grammar. These are the deductive and the inductive approach. A deductive approach is when the rule is presented and the language is produced based on the rule.
3variant What is a word ? What is learning a word ?
In linguistics , a word of a spoken language can be defined as the smallest sequence of phonemes that can be uttered in isolation with objective or practical meaning . For many languages , words also correspond to sequences of graphemes ( " letters " ) in their standard writing systems that are delimited by spaces wider than the normal inter - letter space , or by other graphical conventions . [ 1 ] The concept of " word " is usually distinguished from that of a morpheme , which is the smallest unit of speech which has a meaning , even if it will not stand on its own .
4 variant How many strategies do you know to teach stress
Teaching idea : stress dictation A good way for students to practice their application of word stress is to have them participate in a dictation exercise , led first by you , then with each other ( peer dictation ) . A good way to start off is by getting students listening and noticing stress . Introduce Syllables Have them count the syllables in the sentence.Give out a dialogue with the content words deleted . Have students listen to a recording of the dialogue for the content words and them in .
5.What tips do you know to develop your students vocabulary ?
1~Develop a reading habit~ 2Use the dictionary and thesauserus3~play word games4~ Use flashcards5~subscribe to word of the day’’feeds,6~Use mnemonics7~practice using new words in conversition

6.what is learning a word ?

~the acquisition of knowledge or skills through study,experience,or being taught,these children experienced difficulties in learning,knowledge acquired through study,experience or being taught

7- How does the teacher analyze the grammar tasks?

Teachers need to consider how to present grammar to their students (approach), what options for dealing with the grammar should be used, and which area they will focus on during practice (accuracy, fluency, or restructuring). The main aim of the teachers in teaching grammar is to teach the structure of the language systematically and make their students get good command over the language to produce the learned grammatical structures accurately when they use them in their real-life situations in either spoken or written form.

8.Write about teaching vocabulary in context. What are context clues?

Why is it important to teach vocabulary? A reader's vocabulary for a topic is the building blocks they will use to build further knowledge in the area.. Vocabulary teaching ■directly improves their ability to read words accurately. ■directly improves their ability to understand what they are reading.. ■helps them use what they know about some words to read and understand other words. ■helps them show what they know.
5 Types of Context Clues
1. Definition Clues. The word's meaning is explained in the sentence.
2. Example Clues. An example of the word is given following the sentence or within the sentence.
3. Inference Clues A word's definition is not explained. You need to look for clues before or after the sentences.
4. Synonym Clues Other words are used in the sentence that have similar meaning.
5. Antonym Clues The word is clarified by giving the opposite meaning. Signaled by words: whereas, unlike, as apposed to.

9. What do you know about teaching intonation?

Intonation is crucial for communication. It's also a largely unconscious mechanism, and as such, a complex aspect of pronunciation.It's no surprise that many teachers don't feel confident about tackling it in the classroom. When teaching grammar or lexis, we find ways of making the language accessible to our learners.Intonation is about how we say things, rather than what we say.
It's divided into phrases, also known as 'tone-units'.The pitch moves up and down, within a 'pitch range'. Everybody has their own pitch range.Languages, too, differ in pitch range. English has particularly wide pitch range.In each tone unit, the pitch movement (a rise or fall in tone, or a combination of the two) takes placeon the most important syllable known as the 'tonic-syllable'. The tonic-syllable is usually a highcontent word, near the end of the unit.These patterns of pitch variation are essential to a phrase's meaning. Changing the intonation canpcompletely change the meaning.
10write about word stress.??
Word stress is like a golden key to speaking and understanding English. – if you do not already know about word stress, you can try to learn about it. This is one of the best ways for you to understand spoken especially English spoken fast.
12. Write about assessing vocabulary tasks.
Assessment of vocabulary is critical for identifying children at risk for reading problems and for designing appropriate instruction. The use of oral measures is essential. Tests that require reading or writing make it impossible to differentiate other problems children may have, such as difficulties in word decoding or spelling, from lack of vocabulary knowledge. Children with suspected learning disabilities should be individually assessed on measures that include both receptive and expressive oral vocabulary. Receptive vocabulary involves understanding of spoken words, for instance, asking a child to point to a picture that represents a word spoken by the examiner. Expressive vocabulary involves using or naming a word, as when the examiner shows a picture to a child and asks the child to name it. Although the relationship of receptive vocabulary to reading comprehension seems obvious, expressive vocabulary appears to be an even stronger predictor of beginning reading achievement than is receptive vocabulary. Therefore, both areas should be included in a comprehensive assessment
13write about sentence stress. Sentence stress is the pattern of stressed and unstressed words across a sentence. Normally this emphasis is on words that carry important information, although this can change significantly, depending on the specific meaning the speaker wants to communicate. It helps you understand rapid spoken English. Sentences have 2 basic types of word:1.content 2.structure words. The basic rule of sentence stress are: content words are stressed 2. Structure words are unstressed 3.the time between stressed words is always the same

14.The inductive approach in teaching grammar is a discovery learning approach in which teachers don’t teach the grammatical rules directly but let students discover them through a learning experience in terms of using the target language. For instance, the students can discover the rules through games, songs, or different activities that require the students’ engagement and interaction.

15. Write about the importance of pronunciation
The Importance of Pronunciation It is a recognised scientific fact that a child born in any country of the world can learn to speak any language of our planet. For example, a child from Poland has come to live in the USA at an early age. He or she will speak perfect English and have no Polish accent. And of course, such children will perfectly understand everything they hear, and other English speakers understand them. Pronunciation and clear understanding of English speech are two skills which complement each other. It means that, if you know how to pronounce the words and phrases correctly, with proper intonation, your level of speech understanding is also increased.
Thus, pronunciation training is a very important part of mastering any foreign language, including English. It doesn’t mean that the purpose of such phonetic training is to get rid of a foreign accent completely and forever. To be honest, it is not always possible and not so necessary, of course, if you are not going to work for foreign intelligence or teach yourself the language professionally. The main objective of such training is to learn how to hear yourself and others. Poor pronunciation creates additional barrier in understanding between you and a person you are talking to.
16. What do you know about teaching intonation?
Intonation is crucial for communication. It's also a largely unconscious mechanism, and as such, a complex aspect of pronunciation.It's no surprise that many teachers don't feel confident about tackling it in the classroom. When teaching grammar or lexis, we find ways of making the language accessible to our learners.Intonation is about how we say things, rather than what we say.
It's divided into phrases, also known as 'tone-units'.The pitch moves up and down, within a 'pitch range'. Everybody has their own pitch range.Languages, too, differ in pitch range. English has particularly wide pitch range.In each tone unit, the pitch movement (a rise or fall in tone, or a combination of the two) takes placeon the most important syllable known as the 'tonic-syllable'. The tonic-syllable is usually a highcontent word, near the end of the unit.These patterns of pitch variation are essential to a phrase's meaning. Changing the intonation canpcompletely change the meaning.

17.What tips do you know to develop your students vocabulary ?

1~Develop a reading habit~ 2Use the dictionary and thesauserus3~play word games4~ Use flashcards5~subscribe to word of the day’’feeds,6~Use mnemonics7~practice using new words in conversition

18. How does the teacher analyze the grammar tasks?

Some teachers – fortunately, a minority – enjoy the power. As a teacher you can get a kick from knowing more than your students, from being the authority, from always being right. In language teaching, grammar is the area where this mechanism operates most successfully. A teacher may have a worse accent than some of her students; there may be some irritating child in the class with a vast vocabulary of pop-music idiom or IT terminology of which the teacher knows nothing; but there is always grammar to fall back on, with its complicated rules and arcane terminology. Teachers need to consider how to present grammar to their students (approach), what options for dealing with the grammar should be used, and which area they will focus on during practice (accuracy, fluency, or restructuring). The main aim of the teachers in teaching grammar is to teach the structure of the language systematically and make their students get good command over the language to produce the learned grammatical structures accurately when they use them in their real-life situations in either spoken or written forml
19. How does the teacher analyze the grammar tasks?
Some teachers – fortunately, a minority – enjoy the power. As a teacher you can get a kick from knowing more than your students, from being the authority, from always being right. In language teaching, grammar is the area where this mechanism operates most successfully. A teacher may have a worse accent than some of her students; there may be some irritating child in the class with a vast vocabulary of pop-music idiom or IT terminology of which the teacher knows nothing; but there is always grammar to fall back on, with its complicated rules and arcane terminology. Teachers need to consider how to present grammar to their students (approach), what options for dealing with the grammar should be used, and which area they will focus on during practice (accuracy, fluency, or restructuring). The main aim of the teachers in teaching grammar is to teach the structure of the language systematically and make their students get good command over the language to produce the learned grammatical structures accurately when they use them in their real-life situations in either spoken or written forml
20.write activities for teaching intonation
Intonation is a language universal, there are no languages which spoken without any change of intonation. The role and functions of intonation get various interpretations in different linguistic schools. Intonation is a phonetic phenomenon generally studied within the following language aspects: acoustic, auditory and functional.
1. Intonation: approaches, definitions, functionsIntonation is a language universal. There are no languages which are spoken without any change of prosodic parameters but intonation functions in various languages in a different way.There are two main approaches to the problem of intonation in Great Britain. One is known as acontour analysis and the other may be called grammatical.When teaching intonation, it’s best to use ESL activities that are fun and engaging. Stress and emphasis aren’t things that most people can learn from studying through computer programs and textbooks.Let’s have a look at some interactive intonation activities that will help your students actively build their communication skills..5 Effective Intonation Activities for Teaching English to Any...Video Warm-ups. ...Stress Shifting. ...Inside Out. ...Who Do You Think You're Talkin' To? ...Intonation Improv1. Video Warm-upsapproach the smallest unit to which linguistic meaning can beattached is a tone-group
21.What tips do you know to develop your students vocabulary ?
1~Develop a reading habit~ 2Use the dictionary and thesauserus3~play word games4~ Use flashcards5~subscribe to word of the day’’feeds,6~Use mnemonics7~practice using new words in conversition
22.write about deductive approach to teach grammar.?
Starting the lesson with a grammar presentation may be off-putting for some students, especially younger ones. They may not have sufficient metalanguage(I.e language used to talk about language such as grammar terminology).or they may not be able to understand the concepts involved. Grammar explanation encourages a teacher fronted, transmission style classroom, teacher explanation is often at the expense of student instruction is often at the expense of student involvement and interaction .explanation is seldom as memorable as other forms of presentation, such as demonstration .such an approach encourages the belief that learning a language is simply a case of knowing the rules.