1. The subject of comparative typology and its aims

63. Expression of impersonal meanings in the languages compared.

In Uk only there are such subtypes of impersonal one-member sentence as:

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  Impersonal proper – the principal part is expressed by the finite (predicate) verb or by a personal verb form. Ex: Світає. Вік живи, вік учись.
  
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  Impersonal with the main part/finite verb expressing the state of the agent used in dative case form/ Ex: Забажалось королеві завоювати чуже царство.
  
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  Impersonal with the principal part expressed by verbs in –но, -то EX: Роботу покинуто
  
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  Impersonal with the finite verb referring to a person but expressing impersonal meaning ex: Йому кололо в боки. Impersonal with statives: Дітям спочатку було дуже нудно
  
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  Impersonal with modal predicative phrases functioning as part of the modal verbal predicate ex: Йому не слід було дивитись.
  

In Eng only two-member impersonal sentences which are introduced by the impersonal pronoun/subject It Ex: It snowed. It is raining.

64. Grammatically independent parts of English and Ukrainian sentences.

The existence of the independent parts is the isomorphic feature. Independent elements in both languages re presented by interjections, words/phrases of direct address, parenthetic words and inserted words or sentences that serve to express corresponding attitudes of the speaker to the content of the utterance.

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  Elements of direct address – words/word-groups denoting a person/non-person to whom the rest of the sentence is addressed. The may occupy the initial, the mid, the closing position.
  

Ex: Go and eat, Tom. – Піди і поїж сам, Томе.

In Uk they are mostly marked by a vocative case inflexion (Томе, Дейве), but some nouns in the vocative case do not have a morphological expression (слово, небо, міс Філіпс)

In both languages they are often preceded by emphatic particles or motives: Oh, George, don’t be so generous! – О, Джордже, не будь таким щедрим!

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