1. The subject of comparative typology and its aims

61. The detached secondary parts of speech
The existence of the detached secondary parts (unextended/extended) – isomorphic feature of both languages. They have relatively free preposed and postposed position, have a loose connection with their head components, an implicit predicative meaning, can be only object (direct), attribute (the most frequently detached) and adverbial parts.
The detached attributes: in both languages may refer to nouns and to pronouns, usually express some additional adverbial meaning (cause, condition, comparison, concession, time etc.)
Ex: Very white, he turned back to the balcony. Зовсім блідий, він повернувся на балкон. (the subject “he” is not simply “white” (attribute), but “very white” – white to some degree; similarly in Uk. Наскільки блідий – зовсім блідий)
Sometimes Ukrainian equivalents of English loose attributes may have no synthetic agreement with their head components – Ex: There were two figures, middleaged and young. Там було дві постаті, середнього віку й молодшого віку.
A detached attribute can be also expressed by a prepositional noun.
The detached apposition – identifies or explains the head component which may noun or pronoun. Ex: In the east mountain peaks – fingers of snow – glittered above the mist. А на сході гірські шпилі ... снігові пальці ... виблискували понад туманом.
In Uk detached opposition may often be joined with the subordinating part wit the help of the conjunctions – або, чи, тобто, як by specifying words – як от, а саме, особливо, навіть, переважно, родом, на ймення тощо. The Eng. specifies are semantically similar – quite, almost, namely, by name etc. Uk. detached oppositions can often be in partial agreement (in number only) with the head component – Інженер-синоптик Марина Гриндерево. (Which weather forecasting engineer?)
The detached object – is mostly expressed by prepositional pronouns or nouns, in Eng the main prepositions are – except/except for, with the exception of, in Uk крім/окрім, опріч, за винятком, замість; in the sentence they are structurally optional and always marked by commas or by dashes. Ex: Anybody else, except Alice, would’ve taken the goddam hint. Будь-хто, крім Еліс, зрозумів би його проклятий натяк.