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2. USTROYSTVO BULDOZEROV S POVOROTNYM I NEPOVOROTNYM OTVALOM
Otlichitelnoy osobennostyu bulldozers yavlyaetsya neizmenyaemoe or izmenyaemoe polojenie ix rabochix organs. V pervom sluchae (ris. 1. 1-a) polojenie otvala buldozera kak rabochego organa ne mojet byt izmeneno v plane (vpravo ili vlevo ); vo vtorom sluchae (ris. 1. 1-b) otval buldozera (kak rabochiy organ) mojet byt povernut v plane (vpravo ili vlevo) na ugol do 35 ° v kajduyu storonu.
Rice. 1. 1. Bulldozer a - with mechanical drive; b - with hydraulic drive; 1 - basic tractor; 2 - front stand; 3 - polyspast kanatno-blochnoy sistemy; 4 - kozyrek at vala; 5 - otval; 6 - noji; 7 - podkosy; 8 - tolkateli; 9 - universal tolkayushchaya frame; 10 - opornыe hinges krepleniya tolkayushchey ramы k rame traktora; 11 - support; 12 - privodnaya odnobarabannaya winch; 13 - hydraulic cylinders upravleniya otvalom; 14 - sharovoe soedinenie otvala s universalnoy tolkayushchey ramoy.
Rabochee oborudovanie buldozerov - otval (rabochiy organ), naveshivaemыy speredi bazovogo traktora i upravlyaemыy posredstvom kanatno-blochnoy sistemy odnobarabannoy friktsionnoy lebedki ili gidravlicheskoy sistemy, sostoyashchey iz odnogo ilov irov irov neskolki neskolki
K buldozernomu oborudovaniyu otnosyatsya: otval kak osnovnoe rabochee oborudovanie; tolkayushchee ustroystvo (frame ); management system otvalom.
Otval predstavlyaet soboy svarnuyu konstruktsiyu, sostoyashchuyu iz lobovogo lista krivolineynogo ochertaniya, kozyrka, nijney i verxney korobok gestkosti, vertikalnyx reber gestkosti i bokovyx stenok. Tylnaya chast otvalov u buldozerov s nepovorotnыm otvalom (ris. 1. 2) po bokovoy ix chasti snabjena proushinami dlya soedineniya otvala s tolkayushchimi brusyami i raskosami. U buldozerov s povorotnыm otvalom (ris. 1. 3) tыlnaya chast otvalov v sredney ix chasti snabjena sharovыm gnezdom dlya soedineniya otvala s tolkayushchey ramoy, imeyushchey sharovuyu pyatu.
Lobovoy list svaren iz dvux prodolnyx chastey, odna, nijnyaya, imeet ploskoe ochertanie, a drugaya, verxnyaya - krivolineynoe ochertanie.
Tolkayushchie ustroystva dlya buldozerov s nepovorotnыm otvalom sostoyat iz brusev korobchatogo ili trubchatogo secheniya (ris. 1. 4-a) i vintovyx raskosov (ris. 1. 4-b), kak pravilo, trubchatogo secheniya. Na kajdyy buldozer trebuetsya po dva brusa i po dva raskosa - po odnomu brusu i raskosu na kajduyu storonu. Brusya tolkayushchego ustroystva krepyatsya s odnoy storony k osnovnoy rame bazovogo traktora, s drugoy - k otvalu; soedinenie obespechivaetsya posredstvom opor, proushin, krestovin and paltsev.
Dlya buldozerov s povorotnыm otvalom eti ustroystva predstavlyayut soboy universalnuyu ramu podkovoobraznoy formy, sostoyashchuyu iz dvux odinakovyx svarennyx v seredine polovin (ris. 1. 5). V soedinenii polovin ramы speredi vvarena sharovaya pyata, a s protivopolojnoy storony (vnutri ramы) privarena raspornaya plastina, obespechivayushchaya dopolnitelnuyu gestkost universalnoy rame. Na verxney polke kajdoy poluramy privareny po tri opornyx kronshteyna s proushinami, prednaznachennыe dlya krepleniya tolkateley (ris. 1. 6), chto obespechivaet vozmojnost ustanovki otvala v plane (v odnu ili v druguyu storonu) pod razl. On universalnoy rame po obe storony ot sharovoy pyaty privarenы dva kronshteyna dlya krepleniya k nim shtokov gidrotsilindrov pod'ema - opuskaniya otvala.
K nijnemu listu otvala boltami s potaynymi golovkami krepyatsya smennыe noji - odin sredniy i dva bokovyx. Noji imeyut dvustoronnyuyu zatochku, glavnym obrazom bokovыe, dlya togo chtoby pri zatuplenii ix mojno bыlo perestavlyat.
Izmenenie polojeniya otvala buldozera (perestanovka v plane i v poperechnoy ploskosti) vыpolnyaetsya vruchnuyu pri polnoy ostanovke mashiny. V poslednee vremya VNIIstroydormashem razrabotana konstruktsiya dlya izmeneniya polojeniya otvala buldozera za schet osnashcheniya эtoy mashiny gidrofitsirovannym ustroystvom perekosa otvala, upravlenie kotorыm pri izmenenii polojeniya mesvya vrazhya tvala krasya vыpolnyaetsya neposredya neposredetsya neposred.
Rice. 1.2. Dump bulldozer DZ-54:
1 - vertical legs; 2 - lobovoy list; 3, 4, 5 - bolt, washer, nut; 6 - osnovnoy noj; 7 - bokovye noji; 8 - side cheeks; 9 - bracket for fastening otvala
Rice. 1.3. Otval bulldozer DZ-17 1 - vertical link; 2 - kozyrek; 3 - cover; 4 - nest; 5, 7 - extreme noji; 6 - sredniy noj; 8 - ugolok verxney korobki gestkosti; 9 - proushina; 10 - paltsy krepleniya raskosa i tolkatelya; 11 - lobovoy list; 12 - nijnyaya korobka gestkosti.
Rice. 1.4. Tolkayushchie ustroystva v buldozerax s nepovorotnыm otvalom a - tolkayushchee ustroystvo; 1 - bracket; 2 - tolkayushchiy brus; 3 - support; b - raskos; 4 - bearing; 5 - screw raskosa; 6 - trumpet (raskos ); 7 - patrubok, 8 - proushina raskosa; 9 - stop.
Rice. 1. 5. Universal tolkayushchaya frame: 1 and 5 - perhaps korobchatogo secheniya; 2, 3 and 6 - proushiny s paltsami dlya krepleniya tolkateley i raskosov; 4 - sharoobraznaya golovka ramы; 7 - proushiny for prisoedineniya tolkateley; 8 - razreznыe proushiny for prisoedineniya ramы k traktoru; 9 - support for tractors.
Rice. 1. 6. Tolkatel buldozera 1, 12 i 14 - krestoviny dlya prisoedineniya raskosov i tolkateley k otvalu; 2 - connector insert; 3 - aktovaya narezka raskosov; 4 - rukoyat s vintovoy narezkoy dlya izmeneniya dliny raskosov; 5 - raskosy; 6 - proushiny; 7- vintovaya narezka dlya izmeneniya dliny tolkateley pri povorote otvala; 8 - shkvoren; 9 - fork; 10 - tolkayushchee ustroystvo; 11 - knotted knot; 13 - paltsy.
K perspektivnoy tehniki otnositsya sozdannыy sverxmoshchnыy traktor T-800 s dvigatelem 600 kW, osnashchennыy moshchnыm buldozernыm oborudovaniem.
Bulldozer, created on a tractor T-800, not only obespechivaet high productivity (in 3 - 4 years prevыshayushchuyu production of a bulldozer on a tractor DET-250M), but also gives the ability to razrabatыvat and rocky soil.
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