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1. CLASSIFICATION BULDOZEROV
On the road-building works preimushchestvennoe distribution bulldozers have a base of tractors: DT-75M, T-4AP2, T100MZGS, T-100MZGP, T-130. 1-G-1, T-150, T-150K, DET-250M, T. ZZO, T-500, imeyushchie soo1vetstvenno klassy tyagi: 3 (30), 4 (40), b (60), 10 (100) i 25 (250) kgs (kN).
Sovremennoy tendentsiey razvitiya buldozerov yavlyayutsya rasshirenie ix tiporazmerov i uvelichenie edinichnoy moshchnosti, chto obespechivaet povыshenie proizvoditelnosti i snijenie sebestoimosti rabot.
Traktory kak bazovыe mashiny snabjayutsya gidroprivodami upravleniya navesnыm buldozernym i ryxlitelnym oborudovaniem potreblyaemoy moshchnostyu do 60% ot obshchey moshchnosti traktornogo dvigatelya pri davlenii v gidrosistemax zilo zel zah obesbo 16 - 20 MPa, chto. Dlya nezavisimogo upravleniya pod'emom i perekosom otvala v sovremennyx buldozerax predusmatrivayutsya razdelnыe gidroprivodы.
Rabochiy protsess buldozera skladvaetsya iz rezaniya grunta i transportirovaniya ego na otnositelno nebolshie rasstoyaniya, ne bolee 100m.
Bulldozers are classified according to the basic criteria: according to the designation, specific indicators (type of base machine), type of driving frequency, working body and type of management of the working body.
By naznacheniyu buldozery podrazdelyayutsya na obshchego naznacheniya i buldozery spetsialnogo naznacheniya. Buldozery obshchego naznacheniya primenyayut dlya vsex osnovnyx vidov zemleroyno-transportnyx i vspomogatelnyx rabot preimushchestvenno dlya razrabotki gruntov I, II i III kategoriy. Buldozery spetsialnogo naznacheniya - v osobyx usloviyax (k spetsialnыm buldozeram otnosyatsya tolkachi, buldozery dlya raboty v podzemnyx i podvodnyx usloviyax i. T. P.).
On tyagovыm pokazatelyam bazovyx mashin buldozery podrazdelyayutsya on sverxlegkie, legkie, srednie, tyajelye i sverxtyajelye.
K sverxlegkim otnosyatsya class up to 0, 9 moshchnostyu 18, 5 - 37, 0 kW; k legkim - class 1, 4 - 4, 0 moshchnostyu 37, 0 - 96, 0 kW; k srednim - class 6, 0 - 15, 0 moshchnostyu 103 - 154 kW, k tyajelym - class 25 - 35 moshchnostyu 220 - 405 kW and k sverxtyajelym - class svыshe 35 moshchnostyu 510 kW and more.
On xodovoy chasti buldozery podrazdelyayutsya on gusenichnыe and pnevmokolesnыe;
Po rabochemu organu - with nepovorotnыm and with povorotnыm otvalami. Nepovorotnыy otval bulldozer is installed at an angle of 90 ° to the longitudinal axis of the tractor. Bulldozer s povorotnыm otvalom mojet rabotat pri razlichnyx polozheniyax otvala. Tak, naprimer, povorotnыy otval mojet ustanavlivatsya pod nebolshim uglom v poperechnoy ploskosti; pri izmenenii polozheniya otvala v vertikalnoy ploskosti mojno izmenyat velichinu ugla rezaniya. To increase the production of bulldozers when working on light soils otval snabjaetsya bokovymi otkrыlkami.
According to the management of the working organ - with mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic controls.
Bulldozer s pnevmaticheskim upravleniem imeet otval s nojami, tolkayushchuyu ramu (brusya), perednyuyu stoyku, odnobarabannuyu friktsionnuyu lebedku i kanatnыy polispast. Otval yavlyaetsya rabochim, organom mashiny, a winch with polispastom obespechivaet opuskanie i pod'em otvala v protsesse rabotы buldozera.
On the body of the winch zakrepleny dve pnevmaticheskie kamery: odna iz nix upravlyaet friktsionom barabana winch, drugaya - lentochnym tormozom. When delivering sjatogo vozduxa from raspredelitelya po truboprovodam rezinovaya diaphragm progibaetsya i vыdvigaet shtok, kotoryy povorachivaet sharnirno soedinennyy s nim rыchag, i vklyuchaet friktsionnuyu muftu ili tormoz. When the camera osvoboditsya ot vozduxa, prujiny vozvrashchayut stock in pervonachalnoe position. Pnevmaticheskaya sistema upravleniya po sravneniyu s mekhanicheskoy znachitelno oblegchaet rabotu buldozerista.
In nastoyashchee vremya preimushchestvennoe rasprostranenie has gidravlicheskiy privod, imeyushchiy nesravnennoe preimushchestvo pered mechanical.
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