Buildings built from a big block

BUILDINGS BUILT FROM A BIG BLOCK


Qurbonov Jakhongir Komiljon ugli
Jizzakh Polytechnic Institute, Faculty of Architecture and Construction
Student of the II stage of "Construction of buildings and structures".


Annotation: The article analyzes the buildings built from a large block.
Keywords: Transparent construction, frame, kesaki, naplav, frame, impost, srednik, plate, glass profile, blinds, one floor, double and triple glazed, window frame, grille and window sill, frame, «fortochka» , double glazed windows, stained glass, balcony, loggia, balcony.

Small-scale buildings do not allow for the widespread use of mechanization and automation in construction. One of the main ways to highly industrialize construction is to design and build a building from large blocks. A comparison of the technical and economic performance of buildings made of large blocks and bricks shows that the construction of a large block of buildings takes 15% less time and 20% less labor.

Buildings made of solid or hollow large stones with walls weighing from 0.3 to 3.0 tons are called large block buildings. In such buildings, all structural elements consist of large elements. The blocks are made of lightweight concrete (expanded clay, slag concrete, aerated concrete) and local materials (shell, tuff). Large blocks are also made of bricks. The shape of the blocks is mainly a rectangular parallelepiped.
A structural scheme with longitudinal internal and external load-bearing walls is an optimal option for large block buildings.
I n this scheme, the same large-sized reinforced concrete slabs are supported transversely to the longitudinal inner and outer walls. These pads also act as a horizontal diaphragm once installed. Exterior wall blocks, in turn, serve as both load-bearing and enclosing structures. Their thickness is determined by thermal engineering calculations, taking into account climatic conditions. In construction, large block buildings can be divided into two-row and four-row types, depending on the seams (Fig. 78).