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AU LED MISSIONS 
AU-the refined OAU-and some other sub regional bodies-especially ECOW AS- have 
provided leadership within Africa in terms of peacekeeping and also, have supp0l1ed greatly UN 
missions outside of Africa. Also, it must be understood that the AU, no doubt, depends on sub 
regional organizations for peacekeeping operations. In addition and by way of information, some 
of these sub regional bodies include: ECOWAS, SADC, EAC, and CEMAC. 
AU MISSION IN BURUNDI (AMIB) 
In 2001, after the ARUSHA PEACE ACCORD was signed, AU deployed a 2,870 strong 
peacekeeping force into Burundi, composed mainly of South Africa, Ethiopian and Mozambique 
peacekeepers. This was the first AU mission after the change from OAU and it was supported by 
the USA and EU. On 1
st
June, 2004, with a final peace agreement seemingly within reach, the UN 
MISSION (ONUB) took over the AU mission with a chapter VII mandate. However, most of the 
AU peacekeepers still formed part of the UN peacekeepers. That AU mission was tagged 
"Successful" by the then SG -Kofi Anan- during the AU-UN transition ceremony in June 2004 
(SG/SM/9337 in Galadima 2006:31) 

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SUB REGIONAL MISSIONS 
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ECOWAS CEASEFIRE MONITORING GROUP IN .LIBERIA (ECOMOG) 
Using Nigeria, Ghana, Gambia and Sierra Leone Troops landed in Monrovia in August 
1990 under heavy attack from NPFL after it could not get a cease fire from both parties. ECOMOG 
fought its way into Monrovia (Vogt 1992 in ibid). Upon landing, they went into offensive to drive 
Taylor's men out and secured the capital. Also, they employed peace-making and peace 
enforcement before obtaining a ceasefire (BBC monitoring report, 11
th
Sept. 1990; Document 74 
in Galadima 2006). ECOMOG succeeded in 1997 after lose of men and material, and after 12 
failed peace accords. The UN under Resolution 1509 and acting within Chapter VII later took over 
the mission after ceasefire was signed. 
CEMAC, on the other hand established a peacekeeping operation in CAR in 2002 with 
support from France, Germany and China. Mandate was to protect President Ange-Felix Patasse, 
restructure the country's national army among other things. However, while CEMAC's original 
mandate was to protect President Patassa, it seemed to have signaled that they back the new 
Bozize-former army chief-government due to possible backing of IMF and World Bank 
(UNMIL/PIO/PR/97 press in Galadima 2006). 
All the above examples and many more shows what efforts have been made and is still 
been made towards the process of conflict containment and eventual resolution. 
In general however, while there have been cases of successes like in Sierra Leone, Liberia, 
Burundi etc, there has also been varying cases of failure like in Somalia and Rwanda 
(Sluggishness, non commitment and not heeding to the recommendation given for the operation 
and lateness). Also, Rwanda's case shows how flexible the mandate can be (adjusted and 
expanded) when it comes to achieving peacekeeping's set goals or objectives.