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TIPU SULTAN
AND THE STRUGGLE WITH THE
MUSALMAN POWERS OF THE SOUTH
BY
LEWIN B. BOWRING, C.S.I.
FORMERLY CHIEF COMMISSIONER OF MYSORE
IDARAH-I ADABIYAT-I DELLI
2009, QASIMJAN STREET DELHI-6
(INDIA)
IDARAH-I ADABIYAT-I DELLI
2009, QASIMJAN STREET, DELHI-6
FIRST EDITION 1893
REPRINT 1974
Price Rs. 35.00
PRINTED IN INDIA
PUBLISHED BY MOHAMMAD AHMAD, FOR IDARAH-I
ADABIYAT-I DELLI, 2009, QASIMJAN STREET, DELHI-6
AND PRINTED AT JAYYED PRESS, BALLIMARAN, DELHI-6.
PREFACE
THE following sketch of the Musalman usurpation in Mysore is an attempt to present in a popular form the career of one of the most remarkable personages who have played their parts on the stage of Indian history, together with that of his equally remarkable son - the first distinguished by the energy, enterprise, and daring which enabled him to seize a throne, and the second by his bigotry, his hostility to the English, and the famous obstinacy which cost him his crown and his life.
The materials for such a memoir, although, often contradictory, according to the source whence they are derived, are sufficiently copious for the greater part of the narrative. The conflicting views of English, French, and native authorities regarding Haidar Ali and his son make it difficult to form an absolutely correct estimate of their career, while the limited space at his disposal precludes the writer from doing full justice to the course of events referred to in the narrative. It was a period, however, of vital importance to the future supremacy of the British in India, and an attempt has therefore been made to represent as accurately as possible the vicissitudes of Mysore kingdom during the thirty-eight years of the usurpation by Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan. The sketch is confined to this period, that is, from the time when Haidar Ali first brought himself prominently to notice, down to the memorable siege of Seringapatam, which ended for ever his short-lived dynasty. Although incidentally alluded to, the momentous struggle between the English and the French for supremacy in Southern India does not come within the scope of the memoir, while it has been fully dealt with in the previous volume of this Series on ‘Dupleix.’
The writer would impress upon the reader that, although the narrative is mainly taken up with a long course of strife and conquests, consequent upon the disintegration of the Mughal empire, it would be unjust to impute to the people of Mysore an innate love for war, or a sanguinary disposition. On the contrary, they are an amiable race, with kindly instincts, admirable as cultivators, and possessing an ancient and valuable literature, which raised them high in the scale of civilization long before the advent of Islam. Of the professors of that faith he may also add that nowhere can be found a better type of true refinement and courtesy than the dignified and hospitable Musalman gentleman.
L. B. B.
TORQUAY 1893
HAIDAR ALI AND 1
TIPU SULTAN 1
PREFACE 3
CONTENTS 4
CONTENTS 6
HAIDAR ALI 6
TIPU SULTAN 7
HAIDAR ALI 8
PEDIGREE OF THE NAWABS OF MYSORE. 9
CHAPTER I 10
INTRODUCTORY 10
HAIDAR ALI’S ANCESTORS. THE MYSORE DYNASTY. 10
PEDIGREE OF THE MYSORE RAJAS 12
CHAPTER II 13
HAIDAR RISES INTO NOTICE – 13
CONTEST FOR SUPREMACY IN SOUTHERN INDIA 13
PEDIGREE OF THE NIZAMS. 14
CHAPTER III 17
THE PESHWA INVADES MYSORE 17
FAMILY TREE OF THE PESHWAS 18
CHAPTER IV 19
HAIDAR ASSUMES THE CONTROL OF AFFAIRS – CONQUEST OF BEDNUR 19
CHAPTER V 23
THE MARATHAS INVADE MYSORE A SECOND TIME 23
CHAPTER VI 24
CONQUEST OF MALABAR 24
CHAPTER VII 26
THE MARATHAS AGAIN ATTACK MYSORE 26
CHAPTER VIII 27
THE NIZAM JOINS HAIDAR ALI, WHO ATTACKS THE ENGLISH – 27
WAR FROM 1767 TO 1769 27
CHAPTER IX 31
THE MARATHAS INVADE MYSORE A FOURTH TIME 31
CHAPTER X 33
CONQUEST OF COORG 33
CHAPTER XI 34
NEGOTIATIONS WITH RAGHUBA – DEATH OF MYSORE RAJA – 34
CAPTURE OF BELLARY AND GUTTI – ATTITUDE OF THE POONA MINISTRY 34
CHAPTER XII 36
SIEGE OF CHITALDRUG – 36
OPERATIONS AGAINST THE MARATHAS – 36
REDUCTION OF CHITALDRUG 36
CHAPTER XIII 38
ANNEXATION OF KADAPA – HAIDAR’S DRACONIAN RULE – ROYAL MARRIAGES 38
CHAPTER XIV 40
COMBINATION OF THE MARATHAS AND THE NIZAM 40
WITH HAIDAR AGAINST THE ENGLISH – FRUITLESS NEGOTIATIONS 40
CHAPTER XV 43
HAIDAR DECLARES WAR AGAINST THE ENGLISH – 43
HIS INVASION OF MADRAS TERRITORY, 43
AND MILITARY OPERATIONS UP TO HIS DEATH 43
CHAPTER XVI 51
HAIDAR’S CHARACTER AND ADMINISTRATION 51
TIPU SULTAN 54
TIPU SULTAN 55
CHAPTER I 55
TIPU’S ACCESSION TO THE THRONE 55
CHAPTER II 56
CHAPTER III 58
SIEGE OF MANGALORE – TIPU’S CRUELTY 58
CHAPTER IV 60
COLONEL FULLARTON’S MILITARY OPERATIONS 60
CHAPTER V 60
CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE MARATHAS 61
CHAPTER VI 63
TIPU’S REFORMS IN MALABAR – EMBASSIES TO EUROPE 63
CHAPTER VII 65
INVASION OF TRAVANCORE 65
CHAPTER VIII 67
LORD CORNWALLIS DECLARES WAR – 67
WANT OF SUCCESS OF GENERAL MEDOWS – 67
SIEGE OF BANGALORE – ATTACK ON SERINGAPATAM 67
CHAPTER IX 72
MILITARY OPERATIONS OF THE MARATHAS AND THE NIZAM 72
CHAPTER X 73
CAPTURE OF NANDIDRUG – DISASTER AT COIMBATORE – 73
STORMING OF SAVANDRUG – FIRST SIEGE OF SERINGAPATAM 73
CHAPTER XI 78
TIPU’S SECRET MACHINATIONS 78
CHAPTER XII 80
LORD MORNINGTON ASSUMES THE OFFICE OF GOVERNOR-GENERAL – 80
HIS CORRESPONDENCE WITH TIPU 80
CHAPTER XIII 83
LORD MORNINGTON DECLARES WAR AGAINST TIPU – 83
FINAL SIEGE OF SERINGAPATAM – THE SULTAN’S DEATH 83
CHAPTER XIV 90
TIPU’S CHARACTER AND ADMINISTRATION – 90
HIS FANATICISM AND CRUELTY 90
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