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Table 1.Writing as a means and purpose in ELT

Writing to learn	Learning to write
A means of engaging students with other language skills: 1) as a means of getting students to practice a particular language point; 2) as a method of testing it.	A purpose for forming/developing a writing skill. Practice written forms at the level of a word, sentence, structure and content organization.
Activities: note down new vocabulary, copy out grammar rules; write answers to reading and listening comprehension questions, to written tests.	Activities: writing a letter, report, narrative story, describing the picture, combining writing with other speech activities - writing a response to reading an article, writing an annotation to the text, etc.

2. Content of teaching to write in the EL at school, lyceum and college
At the beginning level (2-4 classes) we teach graphics in EL (handwriting), i.e. teaching to write letters (alphabet) which interrelates with teaching reading as graphic-phonemic correspondence. Pupils must acquire print hand letters. At the same time we form elementary writing skills for conducting communicative-cognitive objectives in the written form. On the material of sentences and not complicated texts pupils must write:

1. 
   holiday and birthday congratulations in cards;
   
2. 
   personal data: name and surname, dates, address;
   
3. 
   short messages and personal letters;
   
4. 
   plan, questions to short texts;
   
5. 
   Description of pictures.
   

The second stage (5-9 classes) at school must provide more intensive development of writing skills in different situations of communication. Topics and capacity of writing messages is broaden; the quality of produced text in the written form is improved. The content of writing teaching within this stage differs in its informativeness and is built on the authentic material. The samples of an epistolary type as letters, cards, articles from newspapers and magazines are used for developing teenagers’ writing skills:

6. 
   to give the information about him/herself, family, school, city/town, interests and hobby;
   
7. 
   to write a short commentary/letter in newspaper or journal with the norms and conventions of native speakers;
   
8. 
   to write personal data in questionnaire and registration document;
   
9. 
   to do note-taking (plan, copy out the key words, speech patterns) to use it for production of the text.
   

At an academic lyceum and vocational college the level of the language proficiency in writing must provide more effective using it as a means of teaching, self-learning and academic study. It demands involving the variety of official and unofficial situations, complicity of the produced texts, and high degree of autonomous activity.
The lyceum and college students must obtain the following skills:

10. 
    to describe events or facts;
    
11. 
    to send and ask an information in the extended form;
    
12. 
    to express an opinion, arguments;
    
13. 
    to comment events and facts using argumentative statements and emotional-estimation means;
    
14. 
    to write a plan and notes for an oral message;
    
15. 
    to fix a factual information during reception of oral and printed text;
    
16. 
    to write a summary, synopsis, annotation.
    
17. 
    to write a composition and essay.