ENGLISH VARIETIES:
Variants of English are regional varieties having normalized literary vocabulary and used as the language of mass media, education and communication.
Dialects are local varieties of a language used as a means of oral communication in small localities, they are set off (more or less sharply) from other varieties by some distinctive features of pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary.
Americanism - a word or a word combination peculiar to the English language spoken in the USA. E.g. cookie, elevator, truck, apartment, etc.
Slang words are those which are often regarded as a violation of the norms of Standard English, e.g. ‘governor’ for ‘father’, ‘missus’ for ‘wife’, ‘a gag’ for ‘a joke’, ‘dotty’ for ‘insane’. They are made in different social circles and often enter the general vocabulary making it more colourful and expressive, though sometimes cynical and harsh.
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