Ўзбекистон республикаси олий ва ўрта махсус таълим вазирлиги тошкент архитектура қурилиш институти


Fig. 1.22. Relation between the heat of hydration



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Fig. 1.22. Relation between the heat of hydration 
and the amount of non-evaporable water 
for ordinary Portland cement
1.22 
Furthermore, the initial framework of the 
paste established at the time of setting affects 
to a large degree the subsequent structure of the 
products of hydration. This framework influences 
especially the shrinkage and development of 
strength.
1.14 
It is not surprising, therefore, that 
there is a definite relation between the degree of 
hydration and strength. 
Figure 1.23 
shows, for 
instance, an experimental relation between the 
compressive strength of concrete and the combined 
water in a cement paste with a water/cement 
ratio of 0.25.
1.39 
These data agree with 
Powers’ observations on the gel/space ratio, according 
to which the increase in strength of a cement 
paste is a function of the increase in the 
relative volume of gel, regardless of age, water/ 
cement ratio, or compound composition of cement. 
However, the total surface area of the solid 
phase is related to the compound composition, 
which does affect the actual value of the ultimate 
strength.
1.22 


164 
Fig. 1.23. Relation between compressive 
strength and combined water content
1.1 
Effects of alkalis 
The effects of the minor compounds on the 
strength of cement paste are complex and not yet 
fully established. Tests
1.3 
on the influence of alkalis 
have shown that the increase in strength 
beyond the age of 28 days is strongly affected by 
the alkali content: the greater the amount of alkali 
present the lower the gain in strength. This 
has been confirmed by two statistical evaluations 
of strength of several hundred commercial cements. 
1.56
,
1.57 
The poor gain in strength between 
3 and 28 days can be attributed more specifically 
to water-soluble K2O present in the cement.
1.58 
On the other hand, in the total absence of alkalis, 
the early strength of cement paste can be abnormally 
low.
1.58 
Accelerated strength tests (see p. 
623
) have shown that, up to 0.4 per cent of Na2O, 


165 
strength increases with an increase in the alkali 
content
1.75 
(
Fig. 1.24
). 

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