Zahiriddin muhammad bobur nomidagi andijon davlat universiteti ingliz tili grammatikasi kafedrasi

Language
Simple sentence types
One-member unextended	One-member extended	Two-member unextended	Two-member extended
	English	+	+	+	+
	Uzbek	+	+	+	+
	Russian	+	+	+	+

The semantical (communicative) types of simple sentences also conside in principle as is demonstrated in the following matrix:

№	Language	Semantic types of simple sentence
		Declarative	Interrogative	Imperative	Exclamatory	Personal	Impersonal
	English	+	+	+	+	+	+
	Uzbek	+	+	+	+	+	+
	Russian	+	+	+	+	+	+

The compared languages have the same types of parts of sentence, the former being divided into principle (primary,main) and secondary (adjunct) parts of the sentence. There's a supposition that there may be distinguished tertiary parts of the sentence, like parenthesis: Sure, you are young.

№	Types of main sentence parts	Languages
		English	Uzbek	Russian
	Subject	+	+	+
	Predicate	+	+	+
	Object	+	+	+
	Attribute	+	+	+
	Apposition	+	+	+
	Adverbial modifiers of:	+	+	+
	Time	+	+	+
	Place	+	+	+
	Purpose	+	+	+
	Condition	+	+	+
	Reasoncause	+	+	+
	Concession	+	+	+
	Result	+	+	+
	Manner	+	+	+
	Comparison	+	+	+
	Degree	+	+	+
	Measure	+	+	+
	Parenthesis	+	+	+
	Direct adress	+	+	+

Each part of a sentence way fall under some subtypes which demonstrate, surely, the dissimilarities existing in here and as well as in the positions they acupy in the sentence.

Though the compared languages are characterized by the same types of simple sentences both structurally and semantically, great dissimilarities kie in the sphere of the parts of the former, mainly in the canonic positions they occepy in the sentence.
Among parts of the sentence the position of the object as to the subject and predicate is of great importance, for it determines the type of a given language among others. So let's observe the position of the object as to the position of the subject and predicate in the sentence:

№	Language	Position of object as to the predicate verb in sentence
		Preposition as to the predicate verb	Interposition as to the verb	Postposition as to the verb
	English	-	-	+
	Uzbek	+	-	-
	Russian	-	-	+

In the languages compared the object canonically always ocipies the postposition as to the subject of the sentence, but in a stylistically coloured usage, this cononical rule mught be violated and object may ocupy preposition as well, so

as to convey certain stylistical effect.
As to the position of attributes we can postulate struct preposition of the latter as to the antecedent:
It is a good book.
Бу яхши китоб.
Это хорошая книга.
Sure in certain stylistic, mostly appositive usage we can observe slight departing from the very canonical rule and observe postposition as well:
people present
Карим ашулачи
Иван Грозный.
What concerns the positions of the other secondary parts of the sentence (adverbial modifiers), we can conclude that their canonical position is twofold: they may be in postposition or in preposition as to the subject-predicate structure, although there are also cases of departing from the rule, which linked again with certain stylistical usage of sentence
In the languages compared we witness the SVO structure of Modern English and Russian sentences, for they are the representatives of the Indoenropean family of languages with canonical SVO sentence structure in all languages of the family, where as Uzbek is characterized by SOV sentence structure typical of the turkic languages.
Russian and Uzbek are characterized by one important typological feature represented by the fact that the subject in the sentence is optional, unlike English in which subject is structurally very obligatory, without which a sentence (except for imperative type) cannot exist and function. It is obviously, because of the ana-lytical structure of the English language, with almost potentially homonymical verb forms on the one hand, and of the flective and agglutinative features of Russian and Uzbek, on the other.
In imperative sentence types the compared languages are characterized by the absolute similarity of the former represented by the omission (optionality) pf the subject: which is always "you,ты,вы,сен,сиз,сизлар,сенлар". For example: (You) go, (Сен) Кел! (Сиз) Келинг! (Ты) иди! (Вы) идите. etc.


Questions on the theme:

1. 
   What is a sentencemic level?
   
2. 
   What is a sentence?
   
3. 
   What structural types of simle sentences are there in the compared languages?
   
4. 
   What semantic types of simle sentences are there in the compared languages?
   
5. 
   What parts of sentence are there in the compaed languages?
   
6. 
   What are the primary parts( subject, predicate) of the sentence:
   
7. 
   Can you explain secondary parts (object, attribute (apposition), adverbial modifiers (of: time, place, cause (reason), purpose, condition, concession, comparison, result, manner, degree or measure, etc.)
   
8. 
   What are the tertiary parts of the sentence (parenthesis, direct address, interjections) in the compared langages?
   
9. 
   What are the secondary parts of the sentence in the compared languages?
   
10. 
    What isomorophic features do the compared languages have in their syntax?
    
11. 
    What allomorphic features do the compared languages have in their syntax?
    

LECTURE 10 (2 hours)
THEME: COMPARATIVE TYPOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF PARTS OF THE SENTENCE IN MODERN ENGLISH AND UZBEK AND RUSSIAN

Plan:

1. 
   Comparative Typology of simple sentences and their types: parts of a sentence represented by:
   

1. 
   primary parts (subject, predicate):
   
2. 
   secondary parts (object, attribute (apposition), adverbial modifiers(of: time, place,cause( reason), purpose, condition, concession, comparison, result, manner, degree or measure, etc.)
   
3. 
   tertiary part of a sentence (parenthesis, direct address, interjections)
   

2. 
   Typological similarities and dissimilarities of simple sentence systems of Modern English and Uzbek/Russian
   
3. 
   Factors causing similar (isomorphic) and dissimilar (allomorphic) features of the English and Uzbek/Russian sentences.
   
4. 
   Notions of sentence and sentenceme (utterance, proposeme, taxeme (monotaxeme, polytaxeme), discourseme, binome, polinome) etc.
   
5. 
   Comparative typology of structural sentence types:
   

5. 
   notion of a simple sentence its types and;
   
6. 
   Notion of a composite sentence and its types (compound, complex, semi-complex, semi-compound);
   

KEY WORDS: notion of a sentence, definition of a sentence, structural classification of sentences, semantical classification of sentences, parts of a sentence primary parts( subject, predicate), secondary parts (object, attribute (apposition), adverbial modifiers (of: time, place,cause( reason), purpose, condition, concession, comparison, result, manner, degree or measure, etc.), typological similarities and dissimilarities of syntactical systems of languages. tertiary part of a sentence (parenthesis, direct address, interjections).