З. И. Вайнштейн Л. С. Плебейская

¹ cranial cavity — мозговая полость LESSON 10
HOME ASSIGNMENTS

1. 
   Выпишите в две колонки существительные и прилагательные, подчеркните суффиксы:
   

facial, scientific, spinal, formation, pelvis, connection, basic, special, composition, experimental, anatomical, sacral.

2. 
   Сгруппируйте слова, обозначающие части скелета (письменно):
   

I. Череп. 2. Туловище. 3. Конечности.
Skull, lower extremity, orbit, upper extremity, thigh, leg, shoulder, pelvis, spinal column, hand, rib, forearm, cervical vertebrae, foot, chest, arm.

3. 
   Найдите ниже перевод каждого английского слова:
   

to call, brain, eyeball, nose, cavity, to compose, to consist of, joint, on each side, trunk, neck, breastbone, to separate.
составлять, глазное яблоко, разделять, мозг, шея, называть, туловище, нос, грудина, полость, состоять из, с каждой стороны, сустав.
IV*. Вставьте пропущенные слова:
1. The... is the largest and longest bone in the trunk. 2. The skeleton of the head is called the.... 3. In the Anatomy class medical students study the bones of the.... 4. In the... the bones of the extremities are longer than in the child. 5. On each... of the chest there are seven... which are connected with the...

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Cycle II. Anatomy

5. 
   Поставьте предложения в Past и затем Future Indefinite Passive (письменно):
   

1. This textbook is composed for practical classes in Anatomy. 2. These experiments are carried out by the members of our scientific society.

5. 
   Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания:
   

age [eicfe] п возраст; at the age of в возрасте; a man aged 30 мужчина 30 лет
grow [grou] (grew [gru:], grown |дгэип|) v расти; становиться rapid ['rapid] а быстрый; частый; rapidly adv быстро slow [slou] а медленный; slowly adv медленно length [1ер0] n длина; длительность
number ['плтЬэ] n число, количество; номер; a number of ряд (некоторое количество)-, the number of число, количество research [ri's3:tf] п исследование, научное изыскание use [ju:z] v употреблять, применять; [ju:s] п употребление, применение
artificial [,a:ti'fifl] а искусственный
instead of [in'sted] adv вместо, взамен; instead of going (reading) вместо того, чтобы пойти (читать) .
case [keis] п случай; in case of в случае; case history (report) история болезни

5. 
   Выучите следующие словосочетания, обращая внимание на предлоги:
   

at the age of, instead of, a number of, in case of, in the boys (girls), to be about, the operation on smb (smth), in length.

5. 
   Прочтите и переведите следующие слова и словосочетания:
   

1. 
   age [eicfe]: at the age of 20, at an early age, people of all ages, a patient
   

aged 45; _Л

2. 
   grow [grou]: [gru:], [groun] to grow rapidly, to grow slowly;
   
3. 
   length [lep0[: the necessary length, the length of the bone, to increase the length, to measure the length, the length of an extremity, three metres in length;
   
4. 
   number ['плтЬэ]: a great number, a small number, the number of, to increase the number, the number of people, a number of people. ^IX.
   

IX. 1. Прочтите текст С. 2. Найдите в тексте предложения, где говорится: а) о росте позвоночника; б) о количестве позвонков; в) дается характеристика некоторых из них.

Unit 1. The Bones and the Muscles

67

Text C
Two students meet after classes. They want to prepare their homework in Anatomy.

1. 
   : How do you do, Boris!
   
2. 
   : How do you do, Alec!
   

1. 
   : Are you free now?
   
2. 
   : Yes, I am. Let us prepare our Anatomy lesson for tomorrow.
   

1. 
   : Tomorrow we shall have the lesson on the bones.
   
2. 
   : I do not know well the spinal column.
   

1. 
   : 1 can help you if you like. Can you answer my questions?
   
2. 
   : lam ready.
   

1. 
   : So, at what age does the spine grow most rapidly?
   
2. 
   : In girls the spine grows most rapidly to the age of 15. In boys it grows
   

to the age of 19. After the age of 19 the spine grows very slowly. The length of the spinal column is about 40% of the body.

1. 
   : That’s all right. Now the second question. What do you know about
   

the number of the vertebrae in the spine?

2. 
   : The number of the vertebrae may be 32 or 34. Sometimes it may be
   

37. But 1 don't know why. Can you tell me?

1. 
   : It is because the number of the sacral vertebrae may be five and the
   

number of the vertebrae which compose the coccyx may be from one to five.

2. 
   : Thank you. Can you tell me which of the vertebrae have the form
   

different from the others?

1. 
   : They are the first and the second cervical vertebrae. The form of
   

these two vertebrae is different because they take part in the flexible connection of the skull and the spine.

2. 
   : Thank you. I think tomorrow I shall answer well.
   

CLASS ASSIGNMENTS

10. 
    Read the words with the same root. State the part of speech and translate these words:
    

face — facial; slow — slowly; connect — connection; pelvis — pelvic; compose — composition; rapid — rapidly; base — basic.

10. 
    Put the proper numeral in the blanks:
    

1. There are... vertebrae in the cervical part of the spine. 2. There are... vertebrae in the thoracic part of the spine. 3. There are... vertebrae in the lumbar part of the spine. 4. There are... vertebrae in the sacral part of the spine.

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Cycle II. Anatomy

10. 
    Read the pairs of sentences. State the grammar difference between them:
    

1. 
   The student is asked many questions at the lesson.
   

The student asked many questions at the lesson.

2. 
   Cranial and facial bones compose the skull.
   

The skull is composed of cranial and facial bones.

3. 
   The joints connect some bones of the skeleton.
   

Some bones of the skeleton are connected by the joints.

10. 
    Answer the following questions:
    

1. Are you a research worker? What does a research worker do? 2. What do you use to write down the lectures? Do you use a pencil or a ball-pen?

3. 
   What do you do in case of the grippe? What medicine is often used in case of the grippe? 4. Do Russian doctors use artificial organs? What artificial organs are used in medicine? 5. What general subjects are taught to medical students in their first year? 6. What lectures will be delivered next Monday?
   

7. 
   What field of medicine will your future profession be connected with?
   
8. 
   Do you use any medicine in case of a bad headache?
   

10. 
    Read and entitle Text D. What interesting method of treatment is described here?
    

Text D
The patient had the disease of the coxofemoral (тазобедренный) joints, the biggest in the body.
The patient could not walk for six years. Doctor of Medicine Prof. K.M. Sivash, a research worker of one of Moscow Institutes, examined the patient. He wanted to use a new method of treatment.
Before the operation on the man Dr. Sivash carried out a great number of experiments on animals using artificial metal joints. During the operation Dr. Sivash used the artificial metal joints instead of the diseased coxofemoral joints of the patient. The operation was successful and soon the patient could walk.
In April 1972 Prof. S.T. Zatsepin worked out the method of total hip prosthesis¹ to replace² the whole femoral bone with artificial coxofemoral and knee³ joints.
Such “total” hip proshesis was worked out together with Prof. K.M. Sivash, who had used artificial joints connected by titanic nail⁴.
This total hip prosthesis was successfully used on a patient with malignant tumour of the right femoral bone. During the operation 2/3 of the proximal

Unit 1. The Bones and the Muscles

69

part and the middle third of the femoral bone were excised⁵. The length of the excised bone was 22 cm. The postoperative course was smooth and the functional results were good.
Now artificial metal joints are used in many cases of the diseases of different joints.
Notes:

1.