|
cancer ['kaensa], carcinoma [.ксш'пэитэ], aetiology [.kti'olacfci], tumour ['tju:ma], epigastric [.epi'gasstrik], anaemia [э'пкгтэ].
Выучите следующие слова:
malignant [malignant] а злокачественный
Unit 3. The Diseases of the Alimentary Tract
211
hot [hot] а горячий, жаркий
suggest [safest] v наводить на мысль, предполагать; предлагать
support [sa'po:t] п поддерживать, подкреплять (доводы)
hereditary [hi'reditari] а наследственный
node [naud] п узел; нарост, утолщение
digestion [di'cfeestjan] п пищеварение; усвоение (пищи)
bleeding ['blndirj] п кровотечение
remain [ri'mein] v оставаться
empty ['empti] а пустой
Следующие слова и словосочетания распределите по колонкам:
Название заболеваний
Название патологических симптомов
angina pectoris, perspiration, murmur, intermittent fever, benign and malignant tumours, occlusion, dullness, crepitation, fatigue, ulcer, haemorrhage, epigastric pain, carcinoma, loss of appetite and weight, pleurisy, anaemia, fibrillation, vomiting, nausea.
Напишите слова, близкие no значению:
1) disturbance; 2) to radiate; 3) to result in; 4) a damage; 5) continuous; 6) influence; 7) fever; 8) constant; 9) mild; 10) acute; 11) internal;
adequate; 13) onset; 14) to diminish; 15) ache; 16) to rise; 17) to involve;
carcinoma; 19) to nourish; 20) state; 21) bleeding; 22) to extend.
Напишите слова противоположного значения:
1) gradually; 2) to increase; 3) to diminish; 4) mild; 5) internal; 6) to be due to; 7) to follow; 8) onset; 9) base; 10) to accomplish; 11) to be admitted; 12) adult;
to decrease; 14) to disappear; 15) to divide; 16) dry; 17) exertion; 18) to rise;
to improve; 20) physical; 21) cold; 22) benign; 23) to leave; 24) to doubt.
VI*. Найдите и переведите предложения со сложным дополнением и предложения со сложным подлежащим:
1. Academician A.N. Bakulev is considered to be the founder of a new branch of surgery — cardiosurgery. 2. The cardiologist expected the patient to undergo the heart operation if the therapeutic measures proved to be ineffective. 3. Hypothermia is known to be employed in cardiosurgery to enable the surgeon to correct small congenital or developed heart defects. 4. The evidence of gastric ulcer seemed to be confirmed by nausea and vomiting, though such a sign as intermittent fever was not characteristic of the disease.
The physician observed the patient’s appetite have been gradually improving since the administration of the adequate preparation.
212
Cycle VI. Diseases
Переведите следующие предложения, используя сложное подлежащее (письменно):
1. Вероятно, у больного метастазы в печени вследствие рака желудка. 2. Было обнаружено, что у него язва желудка. 3. Оказалось, что больной был слишком слаб для такой операции.
1. Прочтите текст С. 2. Найдите: а) предложения со сложным подлежащим и переведите их; б) в каждом предложении пятого абзаца — сказуемые. 3. Изложите основную мысль шестого абзаца в одном предложении. 4. Составьте пять вопросов ко второму абзацу текста.
Text С. Cancer of the Stomach
Gastric carcinoma is a frequent form of cancer causing about 35-40% of all deaths from malignant tumours.
This disease is more common in men than in women. The highest incidence is noted at ages of 50 to 60. Gastric carcinoma is known to have a more malignant course in young persons than in old age. The duration of gastric cancer from the appearance of its first manifestations to death is not longer than 1-2 years.
The aetiology of cancer is unknown. But such pathologic conditions as benign tumours, ulcer of the stomach, gastritis and stomach polyps have been determined to contribute considerably to its development.
According to certain data the use of too hot or too cold food, smoking and alcohol are considered to be responsible for the development of stomach carcinoma.
In the past few years a virus theory of cancer has been suggested. Though this theory is supported by many scientists it has not yet been proved. For a long time many scientists have been discussing the importance of hereditary factors in the development of cancer. The hereditary theory has not yet been confirmed either (также). «
The clinical manifestations of gastric carcinoma vary with the stage of its development, location and spread through the lymphatic nodes and other inner organs. The main symptoms of gastric carcinoma are known to be disturbance in gastric digestion, epigastric pains, loss of weight and sometimes vomiting of blood. A prolonged, usually external, profuse bleeding results in severe anaemia. The appetite is usually reduced.
Unit 3. The Diseases of the Alimentary Tract
213
CLASS ASSIGNMENTS
Supply the words of the same root:
extensive, exist, node, evidence, various, characterize, contribution, bleed, support, response, impulsive, ulcerous, associate, preventive.
Recall and supply the most characteristic words to be used with the following nouns as attributes:
tumour, bleeding, node, vomiting, ulcer, manifestation, onset, fever, failure.
Choose the appropriate word. Translate the sentences:
1. (Malignant, benign) tumours are known to cause numerous metastases (involving, improving) various internal organs. 2. In the presence of anaemia the red blood cell count is considerably (increased, reduced). 3. Gastric carcinoma appears to be more (common, rare) in the male than in the female.
Define the Infinitive functions. Translate the sentences:
1. No doubt chronic gastritis is one of the diseases to be responsible for the development of gastric carcinoma. 2. Academician A.N. Bakulev was the first surgeon in our country to perform the operation on the heart. 3. To reveal the early symptoms of malignant tumours is one of the measures contributing to their effective treatment. 4. In the patients with ulcer pain is known to have cyclic character with periodic remissions.
Use the Complex Subject instead of the subordinate clause:
1. It was reported that the patient had been suffering from the digestion disturbances for several years. 2. It seems that the pathologic changes in the gastric mucous membrane due to chronic gastritis are responsible for the development of malignant tumours of the stomach. 3. It was stated that the patient had developed anaemia after profuse bleeding caused by perforating ulcer. ,
Read and translate the following words:
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
