З. И. Вайнштейн Л. С. Плебейская

retention [ri'tenfn] п задержка. The retention of urine is one of the clinical manifestations of a kidney disease.
stool [stud] n стул, испражнение. The laboratory analysis of the stool failed to reveal any blood.
tenderness [’tendanrs] n болезненность. The patient complained of a moderate tenderness on palpation.

216

Cycle VI. Diseases

remove [n'mu:v] v удалять, устранять. The surgeon removed the tumour which had involved the stomach.

3. 
   Переведите, используя или сложное подлежащее или сложное дополнение (письменно):
   

1. 
   Известно, что прободная язва двенадцатиперстной кишки часто сопровождается обильным кровотечением. 2. Хирург заметил, что при пальпации болезненность в надчревной области распространяется вниз. 3. Считается, что задержка мочи является одним из клинических проявлений болезни почек. 4. Оказывается, что перемежающаяся лихорадка отмечается в большинстве случаев туберкулеза. 5. Студенты наблюдали, как отоларинголог удаляет инородное тело из горла.
   

CLASS ASSIGNMENTS

3. 
   1. Give the words of the close meaning:
   

to affect, to cause, to decrease, acute, slight, damage, to rise,, to perforate, to spread, to enlarge, permanent.

2. 
   Give the words of the opposite meaning:
   

onset, gradually, fat, exertion, to precede, internal, malignant, moist, frequent, to improve, to result in. ^{VIII. IX. X.}

VIII. Supply one of known to you words of the same root. Make up sentences using them:
appear, tender, danger, occur, digest, bleed. .

IX. Explain the following terms:
hypothermia, fibrillation, leucocytosis, a causative agent, anaemia, malaise, pathogenesis, aetiology.

X. Translate the sentences:
1. The surgeon did not doubt that he could perform this operation under local anaesthesia. 2. Gangrenous forms of appendicitis are dangerous to life because they may result in peritonitis. 3. The retention of stool may be due to the inflammatory process in the appendix. 4. During the operation the upper lobe of the lung was removed since a malignant tumour had been revealed there. 5. After the attack of acute appendicitis had been controlled the patient complained of a moderate tenderness on palpation.

Unit 4. The Diseases of the Liver and Bile Ducts

217

11. 
    1. Read and translate Text F. 2. Put questions to the text. 3. Retell it.
    

Text F. Acute Appendicitis
Acute appendicitis is known to occur in all age groups. Its incidence varies in different sex groups; it is more frequent in women from 20 to 40 years of age. Cases of appendicitis have been noted to occur even in infants and in very old age.
Acute appendicitis is known to begin suddenly with sharp pain which is at first felt in epigastrium but then becomes generalized in the abdomen. The pain becomes worse on deep breathing in and coughing, it does not radiate and is accompanied by nausea, retention of stools and gases.
The temperature is normal or subfebrile and there is moderate leuco- cytosis. The ESR is initially normal. With the development of the disease temperature elevation is observed and ESR becomes increased. The pulse is quick but it is found to be not more than 90-100 beats per minute. The tongue is coated and dry.
The attack of acute appendicitis is known to last for 3-4 days. Then the temperature returns to normal, abdominal pains decrease and only a moderate tenderness is felt in the right lower part of the abdomen on palpation.
Acute appendicitis is treated surgically. The operation is performed both under general and local anaesthesia.
The appendix is removed immediately to prevent its rupture which may result in peritonitis. Such forms of appendicitis as gangrenous and perforating are particularly dangerous to life. But sometimes even a mild form of appendicitis may take a severe course and result in perforation.
UNIT 4. THE DISEASES OF THE LIVER
AND BILE DUCTS