Conclusion
In many ways, writing this book has been an ultralearning project. Although
a writer researching for a book is hardly unique, not all ultralearning projects
need to be one of a kind to matter to the person doing them. Sitting in my den
at home are stacks of binders filled with thousands of pages of printed journal
articles. My bookshelf now has dozens of obscure, out-of-print monographs
on thin slices of the question of how people learn. Recordings of calls with
various researchers helped me realize how much nuance there is to even
simple questions such as “Is feedback helpful?” and “Why do people forget?”
I’ve poured over numerous biographies of famous intellectuals,
entrepreneurs, and scientists to try to arrive at an understanding of how they
approached learning. In many ways, the process of writing this book was a
reflection of its subject—an ultralearning project to write a book about
ultralearning. Although I had a strong interest in the subject of learning and
had browsed textbooks, articles, and biographies before I began research into
this book, it was only after I started this structured project that I really began
to dig deep.
Beyond research, this book was a challenge for me as a writer. My writing
experience comes from blogging, not authoring books. Striking the right tone
in a book is hard, and it’s quite different from the casual daily missives in a
blog. I knew from the start that I wanted to share the stories of others and
their exploits, not just recount my own experiences. That was initially quite
challenging. Most biographies and published stories don’t focus on learning
methods. Even when learning is the central theme of the story, most
biographers are satisfied to be in awe of talent, rather than dig into the
specific details of how a person did a particular thing. My research efforts
frequently involved scouring a five-hundred-page biography for the several
paragraphs in which concrete details about learning methods were mentioned
in passing. Although this created challenges, it also forced me to develop new
skills as a writer. I had to improve my research and writing skills in ways that
more than a decade of penning blog articles never had. Even the style of the
book created a skill-challenging project for myself. I’ll leave it to you, the
reader, to judge whether I was successful.
The metaproject of ultralearning to write a book about ultralearning also
illustrates some important ideas. For one, although I’ve made enormous
improvements in my writing ability and knowledge of cognitive science and
stories of famous learning exploits, there is still far more to learn. Digging
into the science, for instance, one can quickly develop a sense of vertigo
standing atop the mountain of papers, theories, ideas, and experiments, all
loosely connected to the topic of learning. Similarly, for every biography I
read, there were hundreds I could not. For every ultralearning story I
encountered, there were likely dozens more my searches didn’t reveal. It is a
profound error to claim that learning is about replacing ignorance with
understanding. Knowledge expands, but so does ignorance, as with a greater
understanding of a subject also comes a greater appreciation for all the
questions that remain unanswered.
In the face of this, one must simultaneously have confidence and deep
humility. Without the belief that progress in one’s own knowledge and skill is
possible, one cannot undertake the project required to generate it. This kind
of confidence may be mistaken for arrogance by outsiders, as it can seem that
an effort to learn something quickly and intensely is somehow an assertion
that the subject is trivial or that, having learned something, one has learned
everything. Instead, this confidence must be paired with deep humility. In
every project I’ve undertaken, including this one, my thoughts upon
concluding it were not to think I had finished but to suddenly become aware
of how much further I could have gone. Before I started my MIT Challenge, I
imagined that covering an undergraduate degree’s worth of computer science
concepts would be plenty. After I had finished, I could see how each topic I
had learned could be multiplied into a doctorate’s worth of research or a
lifetime spent coding to fully understand it. My experience in learning
languages to a level where I could hold conversations made me realize how
many more words, expressions, nuances of culture, and difficult
communication situations were left to explore. Finishing a project, therefore,
isn’t usually accompanied by a sense of finishing learning but by the creation
of a feeling of possibility as one’s eyes are opened to all the things left to
learn.
It’s this aspect of learning that I find most interesting. Many pursuits in life
have a kind of saturation point, after which the longing for more of a thing
eventually diminishes as you get more of it. A hungry person can eat only so
much food. A lonely person can have only so much companionship. Curiosity
doesn’t work this way. The more one learns, the greater the craving to learn
more. The better one gets, the more one recognizes how much better one
could become. If you finish reading this book and have been encouraged to
try your own project, this would be my greatest hope—not that you’d be
successful at your project but that your ending would be a beginning. That by
opening a small crack in all the possibly knowable things there are in the
world, you might peer through and find there is far, far more than you had
ever imagined.
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