World Bank Document

13.5 percent in 2015.

4

  Using the same official data, the elasticity of poverty to per capita GDP 

growth was 0.5, that is, for every 1 percent increase in per capita income, poverty declined by 0.5 

percent―below average by international standards, which poses the question why GDP growth 

has not translated into greater benefits to the population, especially in terms of better income 

earning opportunities. Other measures of poverty such as the share of the population living below 

US$2/day are not available.  

 

14. 

Access to basic utilities varies among household groups and between urban and rural 

areas. While electricity appears to be available almost everywhere, access to other services differs 

significantly based on location. According to the CALLIS

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 (2013), only 49 percent of rural 

households have access to tap water compared to 79 percent of urban households. Similarly, rural 

households have lower access to public heating, natural gas, hot water and sewerage systems. 

Access to public/piped heating is almost non-existent in rural areas, whereas 13 percent of urban 

households have access and the rich more so than the poor. 

 

15. 

According to the 2010 Life in Transition Survey (2010),  access to basic utilities in