Well-knownuniversities in the world (2022 Best Global Universities Rankings)

How the Overall Global Scores and Numerical Rankings Were Calculated
To arrive at a school's rank, the overall global scores were calculated using a combination of the weights and z-scores for each of the 13 indicators used in the rankings. In statistics, a z-score is a standardized score that indicates how many standard deviations a data point is from the mean of that variable. This transformation of the data is essential when combining diverse information into a single ranking because it allows for fair comparisons between the different types of data. 
Some of the indicators were highly skewed, so the logarithmic transformation of the original values was used. These indicators were:

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  Publications.
  
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  Books.
  
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  Conferences.
  
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  Total citations.
  
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  Number of publications that are among the 10% most cited.
  
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  Global research reputation.
  
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  Regional research reputation.
  
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  Number of highly cited papers that are among the top 1% most cited in their respective field.
  
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  International collaboration.
  
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  International collaboration – relative to country.
  

The logarithmic transformation rescaled the data and allowed for a more normalized and uniform spread across indicators. After these 10 indicators were normalized, the z-scores for each indicator were calculated to standardize the different types of data to a common scale. 
To reach a school's overall global score, the calculated z-scores for each of the 13 indicators were then weighted using the assigned weights described earlier.

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  humanities: studies about human culture, such as literature, languages, philosophy, and history.Chloe excels in humanities subjects. She's adept at arts and languages.
  
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  sciences: studies about the world, such as physics, biology, chemistry, and maths.Mark doesn't like scientific subjects, he's just too lazy to learn formulas.
  

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  A for effort: a good mark, which is given someone for trying hard rather than for a success.Although I'm not the smartest in my group, I often get an A for effort, because I try hard.
  
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