Volume 9 • 2022 • Number transnational corporations investment and development

Style guide
Spelling is guided by the United Nations Editorial Manual. A number of words ending 
in 
-ise
and 
-isation
in British English should be spelled 
-ize 
and 
-ization
.
Quotations should be accompanied by the page number(s) from the original source 
(e.g. “Cantwell, 1991, p. 19” and “UNTAD, 2019, pp. 104–105”). Quoted words, 
sentences and paragraphs are enclosed within double quotation marks. Single 
quotation marks are used to enclose quotations within quotations.
Footnotes should be numbered consecutively throughout the text with Arabic-
numeral superscripts. Important substantive comments should be integrated in 
the text itself rather than placed in footnotes. For citations from newspaper and 
magazine articles and Internet-based materials (e.g. blog posts, webpages and 
online databases), authors are encouraged to list them in footnotes, rather than in 
the references section.
Examples:
1
India, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, “India achieves 100 GW milestone of installed renewable 
energy capacity”, 12 August 2021, https://pib.gov.in.
2
European Commission, “What category do I fit into?”, EU Immigration Portal, https://ec.europa.eu/
immigration (accessed 13 December 2021).
3
Based on UNCTAD, “International investment agreements navigator”, Investment Policy Hub, 
https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements (accessed 15 April 2018). 
4
The Financial Times
, “Gig workers should get pension rights now, says regulator”, 19 May 2021.
5
Bloomberg News, “Tracking tax runaways”, Bloomberg Special Reports: Corporate Tax Inversions,
1 March 2017, www.bloomberg.com/graphics/tax-inversion-tracker. 
Figures must be accompanied by heads, subheads, units, labels and full sources. 
Footnotes to figures should be preceded by lowercase letters and should appear 
after the figure sources. Figures should be numbered consecutively. The position of 
figures in the text should be indicated as follows:
Put figure 1 here
Tables should have heads, subheads, column heads and full sources. Table heads 
should indicate the year(s) of the data, if applicable. The unavailability of data should 

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Guidelines for contributors
be indicated by two dots (..). If data are zero or negligible, this should be indicated 
by a dash (-). Footnotes to tables should be preceded by lowercase letters and 
should appear after the table sources. Tables should be numbered consecutively. 
The position of tables in the text should be indicated as follows:
Put table 1 here
Abbreviations should be avoided whenever possible, except for FDI (foreign direct 
investment), MNEs (multinational enterprises) and TNCs (transnational corporations).
Citations in the text should appear as: “UNCTAD (2019) reported that …” or 
“(Cantwell et al., 2010; Dunning, 2000)”. The family name of the first co-author, 
followed by “et al.”, can be used when the source was co-authored by three people 
or more.
References should be completed fully following the examples below. The first name 
of authors must be spelled out. Names of organizations should be spelled out in 
parenthesis when abbreviations are used in citations. Names of journals should 
not be abbreviated. DOI numbers are required only for the sources which have 
been published online but without issue or page numbers. Authors should ensure 
that there is a strict correspondence between names and years appearing in the 
manuscript (including figures, tables and appendices).
Examples:
Cantwell, John (1991). “A survey of theories of international production”, in Christos N. Pitelis 
and Roger Sugden, eds., 
The Nature of the Transnational Firm
(London: Routledge),
pp. 16–63.
Cantwell, John, John H. Dunning and Sarianna M. Lundan (2010). “An evolutionary approach 
to understanding international business activity: The co-evolution of MNEs and the 
institutional environment”, 
Journal of International Business Studies
, 41, pp. 567–586.
Dunning, John H. (2000). “The eclectic paradigm as an envelope for economic and business 
theories of MNE activity”, 
International Business Review
, 9(1), pp. 163–190.
UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) (2009). 
Investment 
Policy Monitor
, No. 1, 4 December. unctad.org/system/files/official-document/
webdiaeia200911_en.pdf.
__________(2019). 
World Investment Report 2019: The Special Economic Zones
(New York 
and Geneva: United Nations).
All manuscripts accepted for publication will be edited to ensure conformity with 
United Nations practice.

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TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS 
Volume 29, 2022, Number 1