Volume 9 • 2022 • Number transnational corporations investment and development

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Volume
 29 
•
 2022 
•
 
Number
2
TRANSNATIONAL
CORPORATIONS
INVESTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT

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Geneva, 2022
Volume
 29 
•
 2022 
•
 
Number
2
TRANSNATIONAL
CORPORATIONS
INVESTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT

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TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS 
Volume 29, 2022, Number 2
ii
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Sales no.: E.TNC.292 
ISBN: 978-92-1-1130676
eISBN: 978-92-1-0019439
ISSN: 1014-9562
eISSN: 2076-099X
UNCTAD/DIAE/IA/2022/3

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iii
Editorial Board
Editors-in-Chief
James X. Zhan, 
UNCTAD
Deputy Editors
Richard Bolwijn, 
UNCTAD
Amelia U. Santos-Paulino, 
UNCTAD
Heinz Tüselmann,
 Manchester Metropolitan University,
United Kingdom
Managing Editor
Kumi Endo, 
UNCTAD
Board of Advisors
Olivier Bertrand, 
Fundação Getulio Vargas – Brazilian School of 
Public and Business Administration, Brazil
Peter Buckley, 
University of Leeds, United Kingdom
Jeremy Clegg, 
Academy of International Business and University 
of Leeds, United Kingdom
Lorraine Eden, 
Texas A&M University, United States
Xiaolan Fu
, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
Gary Gereffi, 
Duke University, United States
Anabel González, 
World Trade Organization, Switzerland
Robert Koopman, 
World Trade Organization, Switzerland
Gabrielle Marceau,
 University of Geneva and World Trade 
Organization, Switzerland
Theodore Moran, 
Georgetown University, United States
Ram Mudambi, 
Temple University, United States
Pierre Sauvé, 
World Bank Group, Switzerland
Harsha V. Singh, 
Former Deputy Director-General, WTO; 
Executive Director, Brookings India
Associate Editors
Tony Addison, 
University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Carlo Altomonte, 
Bocconi University, Italy
Pádraig Carmody,