Variant №1 Read and translate the text on specialty in written form

2. Read and retell the text.
THE LARGEST CITIES OF THE USA
There are very many cities in the USA. One of the largest cities in the world is New York. It is situated at the south of the Hudson River. New York was founded by the Dutch. It’s interesting to know that Manhattan Island – the central part of New York was bought from the local Indiana for 24 dollars by the Dutch. In the 18th century New York grew into the largest city of the USA. Now New York is a great seaport, the leading textile and the financial centre of the country. Manhattan Island with the Wall Street district is the heart of America’s business and culture. New York is the city of sky – scrapers. The highest of them is the 102 – storey Empire State Building. There are many other places of interest in New York: Central park, Times Square, Rockefeller Centre, the shopping districts and the United Nations Building. In Manhattan at Broadway there is Columbia University, one of the biggest universities of the USA.
Another large city of the USA is Boston, one of the first cities which were built on the Atlantic coast of America. It is an important port and a financial and cultural centre. It has three universities.Chicago is one of the biggest industrial cities in the USA and the second largest after New York.Philadelphia, near the east coast, produces agricultural machines and locomotives. Light industry is highly developed here. Philadelphia is an important cultural centre with many fine buildings and a university.
Los Angeles, in California, is a centre of modern industries. Not far from Los Angeles is Hollywood, the centre of the US film business.
3. Make up a story on the theme: “ Seasons”.
Key words: divided, seasons, a leap year, degrees below zero, frost, the roads, covered, ground sparkling, moonlight, snow, rain, beautiful
Head of the department: Muhammadiyeva. O.


VARIANT № 11


1.Read and translate the text on specialty in written form.
Motor vehicle
Every motor vehicle is to be equipped with two independent brakes. Each brake must be able to stop the vehicle within the shortest distance. Above all, braking of a vehicle depends on the friction between tyres and road surface. Brakes operate most efficiently when they are applied so that the wheels do not quite lock but continue to turn without slipping on the road. The force of the slipping friction between tyres and road is much smaller than the brake power. In addition, the wheel loses all of its road-holding ability and tends to skidding. In order to utilize the whole wheel load,i.e. the total ground adhesion of a vehicle for its braking, all vehicles are now equipped with all-wheel brakes.
Almost without any exception, motor-vehicle brakes are «shoe-type brakes». Depending on their actuation, a difference is made between foot brakes and hand brakes. The foot brake is also called service brake, while the hand drake is called parking brake. However, the parking brake should not be considered as an inferior brake.