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2.3 Barriers in the practice of verbal communications
There are various communicative barriers: different perceptions, stereotypes, inability to listen, semantic and non-verbal.
Perception is a process of receiving and transforming information that provides a person with an understanding of reality and orientation in a situation. Perception can be affected by: level of education, age, experience, values, ideology, social and psychological climate in the team. In an atmosphere of trust, information flows and the accuracy of information in exchanges between people are growing. And, on the contrary, information that contradicts our experience, values, and attitudes is often either completely rejected, partially perceived, or distorted in accordance with experience and ideas. Helps to overcome this barrier and active listening as a way to bring about a reaction to the information communicated (demonstrating interest, asking questions, brief retelling of what was said and other forms of feedback from the sender to complete the communication cycle).
Stereotypes - this strong opinions about people and situations, allowing to judge them by association. Both the sender of the information and its recipient can suffer from addiction to stereotypes, therefore when communicating it is necessary to make sure that the partners really understand the essence of the problem, and not be limited to the traditional question “ How do you understand? ” , Which is usually answered in the affirmative anyway.
Inability to listen is a serious barrier at the stage of receiving messages. To understand the message, you need to hear it. Under the ability to listen understand the ability to receive messages, clearly highlighting the facts and feelings contained in them, correctly interpret their meanings. Only then can the recipient be able to give an adequate response to the original sender, i.e. , create feedback and close the circle of communication. The ability to listen requires attention, energy and experience from a person.
Semantic barriers are associated with different meanings of the same words, sentences. This is especially true for resumes, technical and highly specialized terms.
Non-verbal barriers are caused by the improper use in communication of any symbols except words. Such symbols are: gestures, facial expressions, eye movements, touch, posture, intonation, distance proximity in communication, etc. Often, non-verbal transmission occurs simultaneously with verbal transmission and can enhance or change the meaning of words .
In the process of verbal communication, communication barriers may arise :
Logical barrier - arises among partners with different types of thinking. Depending on what types of thinking prevail in the intelligence of each partner, they communicate at the level of understanding or not understanding.
Example:
There was a knock at the window at night.
- Master, do you need firewood?
- No, not needed.
In the morning, look: the wood in the yard has disappeared.
A typical error in the process of evaluating information is formulated as follows: " I said what I wanted to say, he understood what he said ."
The stylistic barrier is the discrepancy between the form of information and its content. Occurs when the message is incorrectly organized. The message should be built : from attention to interest; from interest in key points; from the main provisions to questions, answers, conclusions.
The stylistic barrier can be illustrated by this example. The scientist’s opinion about the “ Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish ” by A. S. Pushkin is stated as follows: “ Pushkin’s screening of the capture of the Golden Fish, which promised, on condition of its release to the sea, a significant repayment not used at the beginning by the old man, is important. the old woman’s reaction to her old man’s explanation about not using fish to buy them, the old woman’s use of a number of vulgarisms directed at the old man and forcing him to meet again with the fish on the issue of the old trough . "
The author of this statement structured the content of the tale in a certain way, and did so in such a way that it is almost impossible to catch. To overcome this barrier, you need to be able to properly structure the transmitted information.
Semantic (semantic) barrier - arises when the linguistic dictionary does not match semantic information, and also due to differences in the speech behavior of representatives of different cultures .
A striking example is daily broadcasting. In their speech, radio hosts repeatedly use slang expressions such as " count up ", " freebie ", evaluative constructions like " suck ", " fly away " , interjections like " yo - yo " , " wow " .
The phonetic barrier is an obstacle created by the speaker’s speech feature ( diction, intonation, logical stress).
An example of such a barrier is the dialogue of people speaking different languages.
Thus it is from - for communicative barriers have difficulties in communicating . To overcome them, you should take into account the characteristics of speech, intellectual level and speech behavior.
The necessary conditions it successful communication is the ability to speak and the ability to transmit information via the human body motions.
In order to correctly understand the interlocutor, it is necessary to listen to him carefully , and he, in turn, must deliver the speech in such a way that it is understandable, simple and clear. An important role is played by the consistency of speech, the pace of speech, the timbre of the voice and speech pauses. With the help of them it becomes possible to understand what the person wanted to say and what impact they have on the interlocutor. It is important to correctly interpret the interlocutor's postures , his facial expressions, gestures, eyes, emotions. Non-verbal information conveys the interlocutor’s thoughts, his disposition to contact and mood.
Sometimes, barriers arise in speech that complicate the perception of the interlocutor. This is due to the different intellectual level and features of speech.
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