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Abu Reyhan Beruni .
Abu Reyhan Mahammad Ahmad al- Beruniy (lived 973 - 1048), was a great Khwarezmian scientist. He was born in the south of Khorezm , the city of Kyat, which later became part of the Khiva Khanate. Beruni was an orphan. He was adopted and brought up by the famous Khorezmian scholar of the 10th - 11th centuries Abu Nasr ibn Iraq. Already known as a scientist, Al- Beruniy began his career serving at the court of the Khorezm Shah in Kyat. But later he had to emigrate to the seaside town of Qaboos in Washmshire . In 1004 Al- Beruni , returned to Khorezm and worked at the court of the Khorezm Shah Mamun in the city of Gurganj until 1017.
Khorezm of that period was known for being a place where science and arts flourished. A group of scientists was organized to work at the court of the Khorezm Shah. Among the members of the group were scientists Al- Beruniy , Ibn Iraq, Ibn Sino; philosophers Abu Sal Mazihiy and Abul Khair Hamar ; the poet Abu Mansur as- Salibiy , and others. In 1017 Khorezm was occupied by the troops of Sultan Mahmud Ghazni , who captured Al- Beruni and took him to his capital Ghazna . Al- Beruni remained there until the last days of his life. He only visited his native city of Khorezm in 1025. Al Beruniy known as Alboron in Western Europe. European scholars believed that he was a Spanish monk.
Al- Beruniy is the author of more than 150 works. Approximately 30 of them remained. Most of his works are about mathematics and astronomy. Most significant "Memorials to Past Generations" is a chronology of the religious holidays of various nations, including Khwarezmian. It is also related to the basics of astronomy and astronomical instruments.
Beruni 's work "Explanation of recognized and unrecognized Indian sciences by great intellects" , which is better known as "India" , is a wonderful monument of science and culture. This work is a real encyclopedia of the country. While living among the Hindus, Al-Beruni learned Sanskrit and obtained much information regarding ethnography, geography, biology, philology, history, and astronomy from Indian scientific sources. He included all this information in his India. "India" has been translated into many languages, including Uzbek, Russian, French, and English. The treatise has been reprinted many times.
Another great work of Beruni is "Kanon Maasud " associated with astronomy and mathematics. This work is dedicated to Sultan Maasud , the son of Mahmud of Ghazni , who ruled in 1030-1041. The treatise consists of 11 books containing the history and traditions of various nations; information on geography, mathematics, astronomy, and astrology; comments of medieval scholars. Some Arabic manuscripts remain. The books were published in Arabic, Uzbek, and Russian. Unlike other works by Beruni , his Fundamentals of Stellar Science were written in two languages: Arabic and Persian.
It contains 530 questions and answers in geometry, arithmetic, astronomy, geography, natural astrology, and history. The great scientist and great public figure Al- Beruni made a significant contribution to the development of world science and culture.