Uygur, qaqauz, quzey

KjııoHeBbie 
c jıO B a : 
3KyeKapanaH - MajiKapcKaa (öajiKapcKaa) 
jiHTepaTypa, KaBKa3CKHe 
b o h h h ,
KbinnaKH, c])opMHpoBaHHe 
j i h -
TepaTypbi HOBoro nepnofla.

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF LITERATURE BY
KARACHAY-BALKAR (MALKAR) TURKS
Abstract: 
For many years the research activities on the history of 
Karachay-Malkar (Balkar) written literature claimed that this 
literature started in the eighteenth century. Nowadays the sources 
on such creative personalities as Michael Shamsi Bashtu (835- 
900), Tram khan (10th-12th century), Zurum Biyche (13..-1396), 
Akbile Biyche (13..-1396), Koshayak Biyche (16th -17th 
century), Semenlani Kaltur (18th century) take the start of the 
history of Karachay-Malkar (Balkar) written literature to the 
ninth century. Some young researchers draw this history back to 
Orkhon-Yenisey scripts. It is a natural process since the more the 
nation gets aware of itself and considers its history, the more 
developed national consciousness appears and the nation starts to 
possess its history, literature and culture more strongly.
The decrease in the discrimination policy pursued by Russia 
gave possibilities for Karachay -Malkars (Balkar) to get more 
involved in the study and publicity of old Kipchak literature and 
joint Turkic culture. The literary works from the twentieth 
century are thoroughly considered, prohibited works written 
during Soviet period are disclosed and valuable ones are re- 
published for young generation.
The Karachay -Malkars (Balkar) have been able to keep 
their rich folklore, collect and publish it. The study of songs on 
narts, gods and the samples on child folklore contain flush 
treasure for taking possession of joint Turkic folklore, culture and 
outlook. In case of failure in studying this rich treasure in proper 
time world culture may lose one of its pieces.
Galtur Semenov (Semenlanı) (1751-1851), Kuchuk Bayra- 
mukov (Bayramuklanı) (1772-1862), Kasbot Kochkarov (Koch- 
karlanı) (1834-1940), Kazim Mechilanı (Meçchiyev) (1859-

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1945), İslam Kırımshamkhalov (Kırımshamkhallanı-Teberdiçi) 
(1864-1910), İsmail Akbayov (Akbaylanı) (1874-1937), İsmail 
Semenov (Semenlanı) (1891-1981), Omar (Aliylanı) (1895- 
1938), Islam Khubiyev (Khubiylani) (1896-1938), İssa Karakotov 
(Karakotlani) (1900-42), Daut Baygulov (Baygullanı) (1902-42), 
Abdulkerim Baygulov (Baygullanı) (1902-1942), Asan (Khasan) 
Appayev (Appalani) (1904-1938), Azret Ortenov (Ortenlani) 
(1907-37), Bert Gurtuyev (Gurtulani) (1910-2001), Salih Hoju- 
yev (Hojulani) (1910-42), Kerim Otarov (Otarlani) (1912-74), 
Gaysin Guliyev (Gulilani) (1917-85), Azret Semenov (Semen- 
lanı) (1924-2008), Tanzila Zumakulova (Zumakullanı) (1934), 
Jaghafar Tokumayev (Tokumalanı) (1935), Xusey Caybayev 
(Caybalanı) (1936-99), Salih Gurtuyev (Gurtulani) (1938), Ahmet 
Sozayev (Sozalani) (1941), Muradin Olmezayev (Olmezlanı) 
(1949), Haji-Mussa Guliyev (Gulilani), Ahmadiya Malkarov 
(Ulubash) and others who came into literature in the twentieth 
century tried to use this rich vocabulary treasure in their 
creativities.