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parts of, 265–266
universal, 268
Group IQ testing, 291
Group therapy, 558–559
Groups
conformity in, 590–593
defi nition of, 590
foundations of prejudice by, 599–600
norms formed by, 590
social supporter in, 591
Groupthink, 591–592
Gut reactions (hunches), 258, 331–332 f
H
Habit-reversal training (HRT), 544
Habituation, 395
Hair cells, 115, 118
Hallucinations, 525, 527
Hallucinogens, 163 f , 168–169
Halo effect, 586
Happiness
characteristics of happy
people, 495–497
contagion of emotions and, 496
money and relationship to,
497–498
percentage in U.S. rating their
level of, 498 f
subjective well-being and, 495
Hardiness, 481–482
Health promotion
following medical advice, 492–495
health-care providers and patient
communication, 493–494 f
increasing compliance with medi-
cal advice, 494–495
Health psychology
defi nition of, 7 f , 8, 472
promoting health and well-
ness, 492–498 f
psychological aspects of illness
and well-being, 485–490
stress and coping, 473–483
Hearing
major parts of the ear, 114–115 f
range by age group, 117 f
sensing sound, 114–118
speech perception and, 117
Heart, 76 f
“Help Center” (American
Psychological Association), 573
Helping behavior
altruism, 612
basic steps of, 611 f –612
Hemispheres
cultural and gender differences in
use of, 90–91
defi nition of brain, 89–90
lateralization of, 90
split-brain patients and function
of, 91–92 f
Heritability
defi nition of, 301
IQ (intelligence quotient),
301–302 f , 303
Hermaphrodite, 370
Heterosexuality
defi nition of, 365
marital sex, 367 f
premarital sex and double stan-
dard, 365–367
Heuristics, 248–249
Hippocampus
description and function of, 83 t , 84
experience of emotion and role
of, 334 f
memory and role of, 217, 218 f –219 f
Hispanic test norms, 462
Histogram, A-5
Homeostasis, 83, 310–311 f
Homosexuals
defi nition of, 367
research fi ndings on, 367–369
Hormone therapy (HT), 423–424
Hormones. See also Endocrine system
androgens, 356
description of, 75–76
estrogens, 351, 356
ingestion of artifi cial, 77 f
progesterone, 356
as sexual orientation factor, 368
testosterone, 168, 352
“Hot lines,” 571
How Sensitive Are You? quiz, 100 f
How Stressful Is Your Life? quiz, 477 f
HOXA1 gene, 74
Human Genome Project, 387–388
Human resources manager, 467
Humanistic approaches to personality
description of, 457–458
evaluating, 458–459
Rogers’ self-actualization, 458 f
Humanistic perspective
of abnormality, 505 f , 507
description of, 18, 20
key psychology issues and posi-
tion of, 23 f
Humanistic therapy
defi nition of, 556
evaluating, 558
person-centered therapy, 556
Hunches (gut reactions), 258, 331–332 f
Hunger. See also Eating
biological factors in regulation
of, 318–319
hypothalamus role in, 319 f
Hyperthymestic syndrome, 208
Hypnosis
consciousness during, 155–156
defi nition of, 154
dissociation from, 155
as pain strategy, 123
process of, 154
Hypochondriasis, 518
Hypothalamus, 76 f , 319 f
Hypotheses. See also Theories
confi rmation bias of, 260
description of, 35
dopamine, 527
facial-affect program, 336
facial-feedback, 336
linguistic-relativity, 269–270
operational defi nition of, 35
signifi cant outcome to confi rm, 45
I
Id, 440
Identical twins, 383
Identity
defi nition of, 416
Erikson’s theory of psychosocial
development on, 416 f –417
Identity-versus-role-confusion
stage, 416
Immersion vs. bilingual
programs, 271–272
Implicit Association Test (IAT), 601
Implicit memory, 224–225
Impression formation, 583–584
Imprinting, 399
In vitro fertilization (IVF), 392
Income gender gap, 345 f
Independent variables, 42
Individual differences vs. universal
principles issue, 23 f , 24–25
Individualist orientation, 588
Industrial-organizational (I/O)
psychology, 595
Industry-versus-inferiority stage, 404
Ineffability, 158
Inferential statistics
defi nition of, A-14–A-15
signifi cant outcome of, A-15
Inferiority complex, 446
Infertility treatment, 391–392
Information. See also Schemas
confi rmation bias of, 260
decay or loss of, 233
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