Understanding Psychology (10th Ed)

 
Subject Index 
I-19
photos of live, 389
sensitive periods of, 389
Fight-or-fl ight response, 329
First impressions, 451
Fixations, 441
Fixed-interval reinforcement schedule,
190 f –191
Fixed-ratio reinforcement schedule,
189–190 f
Flashbulb memories, 225–226 f
Fluid intelligence, 280–281, 287 f , 429
Fluoxetine (Prozac), 565 f , 566
Flynn effect, 302–303
f MRI (functional magnetic resonance 
imaging) scans, 80 f
Foot-in-the-door technique, 593–594
Forebrain, 81
Forgetting
Ebbinghaus’ experiment on,
232 f –233
memory dysfunctions and affl ic-
tions of, 235–237
proactive and retroactive interfer-
ence of, 234–235 f
strategies for coping with, 237
why we experience, 233 f –234
Formal operational stage, 405 f , 
406–407
Free association, 546
Free will
defi nition of, 24
determinism versus, 20, 23 f , 24
humanistic emphasis on, 20
Frequency distribution, A-5, A-6 f
Frequency theory of hearing, 116–117
Freud, Sigmund
on aggression as instinctual 
drive, 608–609
contributions and infl uence of, 16 f , 
18, 19 f
defense mechanisms identifi ed by,
442–444, 546–547
evaluating legacy of, 444–445
latent content of dreams theory 
of, 147
manifest content of dreams theory 
by, 147, 148 f
neo-Freudian psychoanalysts 
infl uenced by, 445–446
psychoanalysis approach of,
546–547
psychoanalytic theory of, 439–444
unconscious wish fulfi llment 
dream theory of, 147 f –148
Freudian slip, 439
Friendship. See also Social relationships
childhood relationships with 
peers, 400
need for affi liation and, 325–326
social support of, 482 f
Frontal lobes, 85 f
Frustration-aggression theory, 609–610
Functional fi xedness, 259
Functionalism, 16–17
Fundamental attribution error, 587
G 
g  or  g-factor , 280
Gamete intrafallopian transfer 
(GIFT), 392
Gamma knife surgery, 568
Gamma-amino butyric acid 
(GABA), 67 f
Ganglion cells, 107 f , 108
Gardner’s multiple intelligences,
281–282 f , 287 f
Gate-control theory of pain, 122
Gender, 343
Gender differences. See also Men;
Women
adolescent suicide and, 418–419
average heights and weights dur-
ing childhood, 398 f
binge drinking and, 164–165 f
biological and evolutionary factors 
of, 351–353
brain lateralization and, 90–91
cognitive abilities, 349 f –351
color blindness and, 110–111
happiness and, 497
learning styles and, 203
major depression and, 521
masturbation and, 364–365 f
need for power and, 326
pain sensitivity and, 121
personality factors, 348–349
processing information and, 350 f
range of ages for major sexual 
changes, 413 f
sense of smell and, 118–119
sense of taste and, 119
social environment impact 
on, 353–354
World Economic Forum gender 
equality rankings, 344 f
Gender division of labor, 351–352
Gender roles
defi nition of, 343
family life and changes in, 426
society expectations for, 343–344
Gender schema, 354
Gender stereotypes
androgynous individuals defy-
ing, 354
research fi ndings on, 344 f
Gene therapy, 75, 388
General adaptation syndrome (GAS),
478 f –479
Generalization (stimulus), 191
Generalized anxiety disorder
defi nition of, 515
frequency of symptoms in cases 
of, 516 f
OCD (obsessive-compulsive 
disorder), 515–517
Generativity-versus-stagnation 
stage, 417
Genes, 386–387
Genetic counseling, 75
Genetic factors. See also Behavioral 
genetics
body setting point and, 322
characteristics infl uenced by, 382 f
fetus infl uenced by, 389–390
inherited roots of personal-
ity, 455 f –456
IQ (intelligence quotient) heritability,
301–302 f , 303
Genetic preprogramming theories of 
aging, 427, 428
Genital herpes, 372
Genital warts, 373
Genitals (sex organs)
cutaway side views of, 357 f
defi nition of, 356
Genovese, Kitty, 32, 34–35
Gestalt psychology
description of, 17
early development of, 16 f
Gestalt (or perceptual) whole, 128 f
laws of organization, 126 f –127
Glial cells, 61
Glutamate, 67 f , 565
Gonorrhea, 373
Graded exposure, 550
Grammar