Transport Systems and models (Prof. Pronello) The framework Transport vs Mobility Mobility



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summary

Systematic utility:
o
Refers to expected value of utility made by decision maker 
n
to each 
alternative 
j
. It what the researcher estimates. 
o
It is a function of the utility (utility function) factors X_nj to describe the 
utility of the alternatives 
o
Most common utility function is linear 
o
Attributes are usually: 
§
Transport services attributes (travel time, monetary cost, reliability, 
waiting time, etc.) 
§
Socio-economical attributes (income, vehicle ownership, driving 
license, age, etc.) 
-
Random residual: 
o
Random element with a known distribution with three purposes: 
1-
Include not considered attributes 
2-
Choice-maker ignorance of some choices 
3-
Reduce rationality to individual 
o
Characterized both by mean value and variance. 
User choice: 
I is the indicator function. 
Four steps model – Third step: Modal choice models – Random residual distributions 
-
Multinomial Logit 
Most simple discrete choice model where eps_j are iid. Distribution is a Gumbel 
distribution with parameter theta: 


ICT4TS – Exam summary 
20 
Covariance matrix between residuals is then proportional to identity. Under this 
conditions the selected choice will be maximizing directly the systemic utility. 
Then the inclusive utility can be defined as: 
And it comes out that p_j is a multinomial logit: 
Some properties: 
1-
Dependence from the difference of systematic utilities 
2-
Influence of the variance of residuals on choice probability 
3-
Independence of irrelevant alternatives 
a.
This is not convenient because is not real (the probability depends on 
the number of choices without considering their utilities) 

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