Translation of homonyms, synonyms and antonyms

3. Translation of the Antique period in the East.

Writing about Central Asian history of translation activity and ideas, in general , in the period of Antiquity is a too difficult task to search. Different conditions gave no reason to investigate or simply for the lack of information about the antique period of the East( we consider that in that period people did pay attention to translation, but many religious, political conditions didn’t allow to develop it –the authors). We may only highlight some information from sources like “ Avesta”, Beruny’s “ Asorul-Bakia” ( “ Souvenirs left by ancient people”), ancient Iranian writings, and books of Greek and Chinese historians.

As ancient Chinese sources witness that there were several states like big Khorazm, Baktria and Sogdiana and inhabitants were skiffs then sags(or saxes,sakses) sooner dakhs. These nations lived in the territory located between Amudarya and Syrdarya . greek historian Herodotus(485-425BC) wrote about Central Asian nations, their socio-economical, literal life but a lot of information is not kept up to the present time. Some information was highlighted in “Avesta”- the holy book of Zaroastrian religion. Ancient social-economic, religious, traditional, spiritual life of Turkic, Persian-tadjik, azarbaijan, afgan and other people were described in this book. Some sources gave information about the author of this book that his name was Zoroastr. It was written in 589-512 BC. “Avesta” is not kept completely until our period because some invasions did not give a way to develop. After the collapse of Alexander the Great’s state in Asia “ Avesta” was restored in the period of Arshakhiys(250 BC). In Sasaniys period of reign its three books were restored again in an ancient language(pakhlavian) and the last one was also restored in the same language.

Akhamiys tried to conquer Greece but they could not. Then Greeks conquered Iran and Turan. Greeks destroyed social,economical, literal life of these nations and spread their own culture, language. Thus Alexander the Great terminated Zaroastrizm and its holy book. When Arabs conquered Central Asia they also destroyed everything, including Zoroastrian books.

English and French scientists pioneered to translate the texts of “ Avesta” into their languages. For instance, French scientist A.Deupper visited India in 1755 and lived among mazdiads three years before translating it (Avesta). This holy book reached us via Western Europe, Europe, Iran and India and the names of places don’t match the original ones. They were changed.

In the middle of 1000BCoromiy (written language) was widely spread among peoples of Iran and Central Asia. When Alexander the Great conquered Central Asia he spread Greek. So in this period Parfian, Sag,

Baghdad and Khorazm later Uigur language appeared on he basis of Akhamony ‘s oromiy.

Iranian languages include Avestian, Antique and Middle Persian, Skifian, Midian, Parfian, Sagdian, Khorazmian, Saxian Bakhtrian and Alanian languages. These ancient languages left us valuable written literature. Translation activity in ancient Iran is obscure (unknown), but the most important translation in ancient Iran were the translations of “ Avesta” into middle Persian ( Pakhlaviy) and Manihian literature into Sagdian, Parfian and ( might be) into other languages of Iranian groups.