evident
from as early as those people's preschool years.
Criminals are also
diagnosed
to share a similar set of psychological problems, indicating their
heritable
nature. If given the right
circumstances,
individuals with those genes would eventually engage in
criminal activity. For example, the children raised in an environment where violence and illegitimacy
are norms are more likely to commit similar crimes in adulthood. It is therefore fair to say that the effect
of heredity is
worsened
by the environment.
While the impact of genetic predisposition is recognised, genetics is not solely responsible for
unlawful
acts. Criminal tendencies are admittedly clear among those children whose parents have a long criminal
history. However, the chances for their engagement in criminal activities would not become bigger until
they are exposed to an environment that breeds such activities. Environment can modify, weaken or
reinforce one's characteristics. It is the reason why a child can act in a different manner from his or her
parents. It is neither practicable nor rational to make a moral judgement on a child simply by their genetic
makeup and
label
him or her as a criminal while ignoring the influence of factors like education.
A proper understanding of the impact of environment on individual behaviour also enables people to
recognise the influence of some other elements, such as schooling and
upbringing.
Children, whose
biological parents have criminal records, have the potential for personal success, if adopted and reared
by well-educated and upper class families. Likewise, children who experience family problems like
family breakdown and child abuse are more likely to commit violent crimes later in life. These elements,
working either in isolation or in groups, lead to a child's criminal behaviour.
In the light of the facts outlined above, one can conclude that the interaction between genes and the
environment is a predictor of criminal behaviour. Certain genes, when combined with certain
environmental factors, lead to criminal behaviour. To prevent individuals with criminal disposition from
committing crimes, schooling, parenting and some other factors are of critical importance.
1.
age-old = long-standing
2.
predisposition = disposition = penchant
3.
evident = obvious = apparent = manifest = marked = patent = plain
4.
diagnose = detect = identify
5.
heritable = inherited = hereditary
6.
circumstance = environment = condition
7.
worsen = multiply
8.
unlawful = illegal = illegitimate = prohibited
9.
label = regard = consider = brand
10.
upbringing = rearing = education
107
Topic 96: Computers do not help children learn more effectively. On the contrary, the use of
computers has a negative effect on children's physical and mental development. To what extent
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