To enlighten investors on the impact of these breakthroughs and the opportunities they should create, we began publishing Big Ideas in 2017. This annual research report seeks to highlight

Automation Shifts “Unpaid” Labor
Into “Paid” Labor
Employed Persons in the US
2.3
1.1
7.6
2.1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1950
2000
Number of Workers (Millions)
Paid vs Unpaid Farm Workers
Paid Workers
Unpaid Family Workers
59 
137 
-
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1950
2000
(Millions)
0

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Forecasts are inherently limited and cannot be relied upon. 
Source: ARK Investment Management LLC, 2020 based on data sourced from: “The Future of Employment: How Susceptible Are Jobs to Computerization?” Oxford Martin School, https://arkinv.st/2rFJJYW, 
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), International Monetary Fund (IMF) World Economic Outlook.
64
Automation
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
GDP Growth Without Automation
GDP Growth With Automation
Compound Annual Growth Rate
Real US GDP Growth (2020-2025) 
S I Z I N G T H E O P P O R T U N I T Y
Automation could add 5%, or $1.2 trillion, to US GDP during the next five 
years. ARK believes automation will boost US real GDP growth by 100 
basis points on average per year to 3.4%.

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Forecasts are inherently limited and cannot be relied upon. For informational purposes only and should not be considered 
investment advice, or a recommendation to buy, sell or hold any particular security. 
65
Autonomous Ride-Hailing
09
•
We believe autonomous ride-hailing will reduce the cost of mobility 
to one tenth the average cost of a taxi today, spurring widespread 
adoption.
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