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V. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention on to the use of correlative coordination: both…and; either…or; neither …nor:
1. Both chemical and mechanical energy can be transformed into electricity.
2. Between conductors and insulators are many materials which are neither good conductors nor acceptable insulators.
3. If a battery is added in series with a clipping there may be either above or below zero voltage, depending on the polarity of the battery.
4. A quantity meter has a current circuit only; an energy meter has both current and voltage circuit.
5. The beam emerging from the electron gun may be deflected either electro- statically or magnetically.
6. Fail-safe features are incorporated with both high and low level alarm relays energized under “normal” conditions.
7. Both the information to be processed and the instructions to process it are stored in the memory cells of the computer.
8. Radiation sensors are available as either electron tube devices known as phototubes or solid state semiconductor devices known as photocells.
VI. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the meanings of “since”, “as”, “for”:
1. The indication of an ohmmeter is independent of the actual value of the testing voltage, since the instrument measures a ratio.
2. Traveling through solids, the electric current can flow through liquids and gases as well.
3. Fuses are used as safety devices.
4. We need electricity, for it is used both in our homes and in industry.
5. An electromagnet loses its magnetic properties as soon as the current is turned off.
6. The magnetic effect of an electric current is the subject of the present article, as for the heating effect it was dealt with before.
7. The generators must be as large as possible and they should be kept loaded as fully as possible.
8. Since the open branch has no current, a bulb connected across it cannot light.
9. For this reason the capacity of a fixed capacitor does not change.
10. Since copper wire conductors have a very low resistance a minimum voltage drop is produced in them.
11. It should be taken into consideration that most materials change the value of resistance as their temperature changes.
12. For example, most semiconductors conduct because of the impurities present in them.
13. Any active network, such as an amplifier or oscillator, must contain one or more vacuum tubes transistors or other active network elements.
14. The number of changes of current direction, called cycles in every second is known as the frequency.
15. As the ray- cathode electrode becomes less negative, the shadow angle decreases.
16. Similar circuits have now been built for use as d. c. regulators, and will be called switched regulators.
17. Since coil operates this device a control circuit and its supply must be added.
18. Complex Sentences (Zero “that”- clause).
I. Translate the sentences with zero that- and which- clauses:
A. Kurchatov understood it was considerably easier to use the nuclear chain reaction for destruction than for the production of energy used for homes and factories. He was sure there was a way to control this reaction and release it in small doses and he found it. We know his ideas helped the development of thermonuclear research.
B. 1. A few pounds of uranium 235 can supply a medium – sized town with all the electricity it needs during a whole year.
2. The atomic weight of an atom is the number of protons and neutrons it contains.
3. The phenomenon Roentgen discovered is widely used in medicine.
4. This is a type of reaction you will easily understand.
5. One of the problems I. Kurchatov worked at was the problem of mastering controlled thermonuclear reactions.
6. Einstein gave an entirely new idea of the world we live in.
7. The problem we are dealing with is very important for our laboratory.
8. The substance they had to work with had unpleasant odour.
9. That portion of mechanics we dealt with at our last lesson is known as statics.
10. Today we know atoms are neither unchangeable nor indivisible.
11. The material the apparatus is made of is a good non-conductor of heat.
12. It is known one horse power equals 746 watts.
13. The rate a machine does work at is measured in horse power or kilowatts.
14. Every engineer knows the units of work are important and depend upon the units chosen for force applied and distance moved.
15. Heat is the energy a body possesses owing to the fact that its molecules are in motion.
16. Substances that transform the energy they absorb into light without becoming heated, are called luminofores, and the light they radiate – luminescence.
17. The action of the force pressure depends not only on its value, but also on the area of the surface it acts upon.
18. The mineral the scientist was working with for a number of years was uranium and its compounds.
19. All the data the magazine referred to are based on the experiments carried out in our laboratory.
20. The particles all the different atoms consist of are neutrons, protons and electrons.
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