"To be" and its functions. "To have" and its functions

No matter how different in detail, many of the projectiles...

The radiation, no matter how small, effects...

However great the pressure changes, the density of the flow...

The general principles of operation of automatic voltage regulators are similar whatever the size and type.

No matter how complicated, the problem of space navigation is expected to be finally solved.

However thin the shock wave, the air speed is reduced and the air heated.

Whatever the source, whatever the method of production, the electrons produced by one method are the same in all respects as those produced by another method.

No matter what the nature of the surfaces that are moving over each other, there is always some opposition to the motion.

Whatever the shape and size of the body, it is always possible to find one point at which a force equal and opposite to the weight of the body can be applied so that the body will remain at rest.

3. 
   Translate the elliptic sentences with "if any":
   

Example:
The nucleus determines the radioactive properties, if any, of the atom.

Ядро визначає радіоактивні властивості атома, якщо він такі має.

1. 
   The effect of weightlessness appears to have given Gagarin little discomfort, if any.
   
2. 
   The observations provide definite evidence that the atmosphere on Mercury must be of extreme rarity, if any at all.
   
3. 
   With no free oxygen and little, if any, water, Mars still appears to have some evidence of life.
   
4. 
   The next problem of importance which occupied most of the investigators in this field was to determine the long-wave limit, if any, of the infra-red radiation.