"To be" and its functions. "To have" and its functions

I. Translate the following elliptic sentences:

Example:
When in rapid motion, electrons can produce...

Коли електрони рухаються швидко, вони можуть створювати...

1. 
   Though invisible in themselves, ultra-violet rays can be utilized in the production of light.
   
2. 
   Although a medium-small star, the Sun is over a thousand times as massive as Jupiter.
   
3. 
   When at its greatest distance from the Earth, Mars is about half as bright as the Polar star.
   
4. 
   Once in the air, the jet aircraft is relatively simple to fly, owing to the absence of some controls.
   
5. 
   Although a tremendous achievement, the first rocket-powered gyro-controlled missile was primitive by comparison with many modern guided missiles.
   
6. 
   The airships are filled with helium, which, although heavier than hydrogen, is non-inflammable.
   
7. 
   Though highly tenuous at this altitude, the atmosphere is still sufficient to exert an influence on the rocket
   
8. 
   Although the simplest form of the propulsion unit imaginable, the rocket can assume a large variety of forms.
   
9. 
   Once in space, the vehicle moving at high velocity, say in a satellite orbit, requires no further propulsion to stay aloft.
   
10. 
    With the launching of Sputnik I on October 4, 1957, the Earth acquired an artificial satellite which, though of only temporary duration, marked the beginning of "the space age".
    

II. Translate the following groups of words and sentences with ellipsis:

Example:
Whatever the shape of the magnet, it has two poles.

Якою б не була форма магніта, він має два полюси.
Незалежно від форми кожен магніт має два полюси.

1. 
   Whatever the method, the calculation must be precise...
   
2. 
   Whatever the weather conditions, the airport…
   
3.