"To be" and its functions. "To have" and its functions

Example: The process which will be described in this article is known as ionization.
The process to be described in this article is known as ionization.

1. 
   The method which will be used is reliable.
   
2. 
   The results which will be received will be published next month.
   
3. 
   The data that are to be obtained will be of great interest.
   
4. 
   The measurements that must be made should be accurate enough.
   
5. 
   The experiments which will be demonstrated are closely related to our research.
   
6. 
   The problem that must be solved is very difficult.
   
7. 
   The work that must be done is of great importance.
   
8. 
   The method that will be used was developed in our laboratory.
   
9. 
   The equipment that is to be installed is very effective.
   
10. 
    The instrument which will be used must make precise measurements.
    

VII. Change the following complex sentences according to the example. Translate them.

Example: Yablochkov was the first who realized the advantages of the alternating current.
Yablochkov was the first to realize the advantages of the alternating current.

1. 
   Franklin was the first who developed a new theory of electricity.
   
2. 
   Lomonosov and Franklin were the first who made their experiments in the field of atmospheric electricity.
   
3. 
   The engineer was the last who made the report at the conference.
   
4. 
   The famous scientist was the first who proved this theory.
   
5. 
   Newton was one of the first who studied light.
   
6. 
   Lodygin was the first who invented the electric lamp.
   
7. 
   These metals were the first that were used in industry.
   
8. 
   This scientist was the first who developed the new process.
   
9. 
   These devices were the first that were tested in our laboratory.
   

VIII. Translate the groups of words and sentences paying attention to the passive infinitive as an attribute.

Example:
The experiment data to be discussed…
Експериментальнi данi, якi будуть обговорюватись…(якi потрiбно обговорити)


A.

1. 
   The elements to be studied…
   
2. 
   The systems to be tested…
   
3. 
   The energy to be generated…
   
4. 
   The instruments to be used…
   
5. 
   The data to be obtained…
   

B.

1. 
   Propellant properties and pressure are the main two factors to be considered here.
   
2. 
   Mars will probably be one of the first worlds to be reached by men.
   
3. 
   There are many things to be taken into consideration when designing a spaceship.
   
4. 
   A most difficult problem to be overcome in the application of nuclear power to aircraft propulsion is the weight of the ship.
   
5. 
   Now we shall discuss the system of units to be employed later in our discussion.
   
6. 
   The chromosphere of the Sun may now be observed at all times by means of a spectrohelioscope and spectroheliograph to be described later.
   

IX. Translate the sentences with the infinitive as an adverbial modifier of the subsequent action.
Example:
Elements combine chemically to form compounds.
Елемент з’єднуються хiмiчно i утворюють (утворюючи) сполуки.

1. 
   Modern theory considers that at extremely high temperature all molecules break up to form atoms or ions which are electrically charged atoms or portions of molecules.
   
2. 
   Rutherford proved that alpha particles are the nuclei of helium atoms and that after the alpha particles are slowed down, they capture two electrons to become normal helium atoms.
   
3. 
   According to some scientific theory the surface rocks of Mars have combined with oxygen in the atmosphere to form a layer of iron oxide.
   
4. 
   Element 94 was given the name of Plutonium to follow Uranium in the same order as the corresponding planets.
   
5. 
   If the velocity of a satellite exceeds escape velocity then the satellite will leave the Earth never to return.
   
6. 
   The world production of U₃O₈ is very high to rise perhaps to still greater amount in the next few years.
   

X. Translate the sentences with the infinitive as an adverbial modifier of consequence.

1. 
   Molecules are too small to be seen with the most powerful microscope.
   
2. 
   Only the most swiftly moving molecules possessed sufficient energy to escape from the atmosphere.
   
3. 
   In a large galaxy the concentration of stars is often too dense for them to be examined individually.
   
4. 
   It is too early to properly weigh the significance of this method.
   
5. 
   It has long been established that portions of the Earth’s upper atmosphere are ionized enough to cause refraction and reflection of radio waves.
   
6. 
   The negative poles in this case are far enough away so as not to influence the positive poles.
   
7. 
   A winged spacecraft has rather large areas to be heat-protected.
   
8. 
   These regions were too far away to be affected by the explosion.
   
9. 
   Mere observations of the stars cannot tell us which are young and which are old, for all their changes are far too slow to detect.
   

XI. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the use of the Complex Subject.

1. 
   Insulators are known to be substances which do not permit passage of the electric current.
   
2. 
   Germanium is said to be a semiconductor.
   
3. 
   The electron is supposed to move with great velocity.
   
4. 
   Like charges are known to repel each other.
   
5. 
   A voltage of current that is reproduced at equal intervals is stated to be periodic.
   
6. 
   Thus began the career of the man who appears to have developed the first semiconductor devices for amplification.
   
7. 
   These curves are seen to be similar in many respects to those of pentodes.
   
8. 
   The magnesium battery is expected to have a possible watt-hour capacity of 245 per pound.
   
9. 
   The students of radio engineering are certain to know that tubes with 4 or 5 elements are called tetrodes and pentodes respectively.
   
10. 
    This design has proved to be of great interest to the power plant engineer for 2 principal reasons.
    
11. 
    Electrical conductors are said to be in series if they are connected so that all the current which flows through one conductor must flow through each of the others.
    
12. 
    The thermionic emission of electrons from hot bodies is seen to represent the same process.
    
13. 
    If the meter is responsive to actual power, it is known to be an energy meter.
    
14. 
    If a current transformer is said to have a ratio of 100/5 this means that the full load value of the main current is 100 amperes and the corresponding value of the instrument current is 5 amperes.
    
15. 
    These 2 phenomena do not appear to have anything in common.
    
16. 
    A filler is said to have a good thermal conductivity when it has a higher thermal conductivity than the mass.
    
17. 
    Radium whose properties are known to be of the greatest importance to the present chemistry was isolated in 1910.
    
18. 
    There does not appear to be an agreement between the results obtained.
    

XII. Translate the sentences paying attention to the Complex Subject with the Infinitive.

1. 
   Light is thought to be…
   
2. 
   The speed of these particles is found to be…
   
3. 
   The rocket is known to be used…
   
4. 
   These forces are believed to act…
   
5. 
   The changes in the orbit are considered to be…
   
6. 
   These charged particles are supposed to possess…
   
7. 
   The planet is expected to have…
   
8. 
   The direction of the current is assumed to be…
   
9. 
   The diameter of this star is reported to be…
   
10. 
    This cyclotron appears to develop…
    
11. 
    The solid fuel rocket seems to be…
    
12. 
    The speed of particles happens to change…
    
13. 
    These conditions are likely to be found…
    
14. 
    Uranium is unlikely to exist…
    

XIII. Translate the sentences paying attention to the form of the infinitive.