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What could government do to encourage positive whole systems change?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

What could government do to encourage positive whole systems change?
Instead of protecting established interests, the public sector could stimulate investment in eco-
innovation. For instance, it could conduct sustainability audits of existing development, supply chains 
or factories to identify opportunities for savings. The public sector could also help to find ways of 
implementing large-scale uptake of existing, eco-effective innovations. If development approvals were 
based on the best, rather than the ‘first off the starting block’, competition would be over net positive 
contributions to sustainability. The present decision system is too often pyramidal and exclusionary, 
as development depends on the concentration of wealth. In a competition over positive contributions, 
any firm or developer would be able to shift to more eco-logical designs (although some industries 
would need to diversify, such as cigarette, gun and drug companies which the free market now 
favours). A hierarchy, from remedial to positive, and from narrow to whole systems solutions, could 
assist in ranking grants and subsidies, start up funding, offer awards, and so on. We can distinguish 
six levels of eco-solutions (presented below), with the first being the 
least
positive and the sixth being 
the 
most
positive. The spectrum is based on both the nature and scale of transformation likely to be 
generated. The categories overlap, but provide a rough scale between marginal change and systems 
transformation. If this fails, and we cannot get governments to undertake polices and programmes 
that enhance the ecological base and public estate, then, as individuals, we can work through NGOs 
or third sector businesses. If that is too difficult for some people, they can at least ensure that their 
personal investment goes towards ethical investment funds. These limit funding to businesses that 
are at least 
relatively
ecologically, socially and economically sound [Box 37].

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