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How do we avoid innovation that does not have positive outcomes for all?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

How do we avoid innovation that does not have positive outcomes for all?
A key function of a new planning sphere should be to help set public priorities for investment in 
sustainability research, eco-innovation and even academic problem solving. But it is essential to 
ensure that government support does not translate into de facto commercial monopolies that can 
later prevent competition. The saga of how the car industry resisted energy efficiency innovations for 
decades is well known. Billions of dollars were invested not in energy efficiency improvements but 
in automobile ‘fashion’ research and development. Also, given an existing physical configuration of 
land-use and transportation systems, the most commercial solution in the current situation may not 
be the most efficient from a long-term perspective (such as the new, cheap ‘Nano’ car being promoted 
in India). That is, the potential spectrum of eco-solutions that are given serious consideration will 
be limited to those products or building types that fit the industrial, rather than the ecological, order.
This, in turn, can impede transformation to sustainable systems. For example, large buildings – as 
currently designed – need very complex air-conditioning systems. Consequently, these systems 
require a range of specialists in design, manufacturing, sales, distribution, installation, commissioning 
and maintenance. This creates vested interests in existing industrial systems. With an ever-increasing 
array of complex air-conditioning systems, more things can go wrong, and specialist parts may be 
hard to find [Box 20]. This also creates the need for regulatory, education and training programmes 
to meet the demands of these businesses, which further entrenches current construction norms. This 
past investment is perpetuating unsustainable vicious circles and creating more industry resistance to 
change. The challenge of eco-logical design is therefore to fit into existing institutional and physical 
systems – while working to transform them.

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