‘This is a wonderful book that should be on the desk of every architect and planner. It shows how


But why do we need the public to set priorities, since eco-innovation pays?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

But why do we need the public to set priorities, since eco-innovation pays?
Some conventional industrial-scale waste management industries have developed a vested interest 
in waste. Some of these have even opposed innovations that would reduce waste, because (within 
a myopic perspective) waste is their source of income.
3
Similarly, many would argue that the 
construction industry as a whole has avoided change, even though ecological modernization would 
be in its own rational collective interest. Public investment may be necessary to overcome systemic 
impediments to eco-retrofitting. However, priorities need to be set if we are to stretch our design 
goals beyond recycling and restoration. Stretch goals are intended to encourage ecological and social 
value-adding, not just getting across a line. Therefore it is important to make distinctions in terms of 
the 
scale
of positive impacts. Incremental 
stages
in achieving stretch goals would be far better than 
continuing to set incremental (ie minimalist) 
targets
. For example, savings from small energy-efficient 
improvements can be rolled over into larger projects. Likewise, a recycling opportunity may just pick 
‘low-hanging fruit’, yet have more economic and resource value to the community as a whole, because 
of its ripple effects on a larger scale. St Vincent de Paul in Eugene, Oregon, has created hundreds 
of jobs and resource savings through myriad small, but innovative, recycling projects. They have 
also used the income from recycling to build low-income homes and establish other programmes 
that improve the community as a whole. St Vincent has been able to do this with little government 
support, because waste does not cost much and there is a lot of it. They had the flexibility to evolve 
and adapt, without becoming dependent on particular waste streams. And they have continuously 
looked for new loops to close. Due to this ‘snowballing’ approach, and the total scale of these ‘waste 
to value’ projects, they have had a significant positive impact on the local economy. Thus, many small 
actions in the third sector and cross-sectoral partnerships can have a big impact overall.

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