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How can environmental decision systems be based on ethical principles?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

How can environmental decision systems be based on ethical principles? 
If agencies and organizations took their sustainability mission statements seriously, the decision 
systems themselves would be designed to address the kinds of fundamental ethical issues that are 
prerequisites to sustainability. Our larger-scale decision-making spheres, such as the political, market 
and legal arenas, each have clear functions and virtues. However, they are not designed to help 
us align our resource allocation systems with social and ecological sustainability imperatives. The 
underlying causes of environmental problems, such as fossil fuel dependency, population growth, 
poverty, habitat destruction, militarism, sexism, colonialism and religious dogma, cannot be resolved 
within an economic rationalist edifice, competitive individualist politics or even a positivist science 
framework.
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Nonetheless, the fundamental issues about life itself and our future have been left to the 
market and political arenas, which are power-based, competitive and/or conflictual forms of decision-
making (ie ‘might is right’). We do not have a decision arena that can deal with what is perhaps the 


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Constitution for Eco-governance
most fundamental conflict today – the conflict between humans and nature that our human-designed 
institutions have helped to create. This basic conflict is now contributing to other escalating resource 
distribution conflicts among humans. As the life-support system disintegrates, global conflict over 
resources promises to bring even more human misery (if not nuclear annihilation). A futures-
oriented planning ‘sphere’ is needed to deal with ethical issues and conflict resolution underlying 
environmental destruction, again, by increasing future options for all.
How exactly is environmental destruction linked to human oppression?
Most forms of human oppression occur at the expense of the environment. Power is obtained through 
the acquisition, exploitation and consumption of and competition for social and natural resources.
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It is increased by reducing others’ access to resources. Warfare is the extreme example, but there have 
been countless deliberate actions by governments and industries that have had outcomes damaging 
to both human and environmental health. For example, replacing indigenous food sources harvested 
by women with cash crop plantations farmed by men, or replacing breast milk with expensive 
formulas, has tended to dispossess communities of their control over the sources of sustenance and 
self-sufficiency. Further, colonialism, sexism, racism and so on are often fostered to manipulate and 
maintain control over populations politically. That is, the intellectual and emotional justifications for 
oppression (expressed through phenomena like racism, sexism and patriotism) are often cultivated for 
political gain. They are 
means
through which power is sought, maintained and abused.
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Prejudice, for 
example, has a ‘chicken and egg’ relationship with the manipulation of public opinion for corporate 
or political purposes. To get past such pervasive ‘smoke screens’, still dominating the news media, 
we need more in-depth community engagement in ethical issues as well as more equitable resource-
allocation systems.

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