What would a new ‘constitution’ for environmental decision-making involve?
A constitutional approach means that the decision structures and processes would be designed to
fit the nature of sustainability issues. These are essentially ethical in nature.
1
It has been argued in
previous chapters that a major ethical issue in sustainability is the cumulative and irreversible transfer
of power, wealth, resources and space through conventional development. Our resource allocation
and management systems are not designed to address this. A sustainable environmental planning
system would aim to prevent inequitable resource transfers in the first place, and make existing
environmental conditions more equitable. The US Constitution can provide a (somewhat dated)
model, if only to show that eco-governance is compatible with traditional conservative values. It has
many structural devices built in to avoid the accumulation of power. However, it was designed at a
time when land and resources were still seen as infinite.
2
An anthropocentric framework, as used
here, may have more potential to gain wider acceptance. Such a framework can accommodate eco-
centric values if humans are understood as dependent upon nature. An anthropocentric framework,
focused on democracy, requires a caveat, however. Problems gradually emerge to the extent that
physical and institutional designs do not respect the reality that the natural environment is a living
ecosystem of which humans are inextricably a part.
Would a constitutional approach differ from ordinary mission statements?
Most urban sustainability plans start from a statement of values and principles or mission statements.
These are often (triple bottom line) statements of volition, sometimes followed by politically achievable
goals. In other words a wish list supporting what seems feasible in the given socio-political context
at the time. A sustainability constitution, in contrast, means decision rules, methods and processes
would be founded on essentially ‘non-negotiable’
ethical
principles. Constitutions provide the basis
upon which more specific decision-making systems are built. Sustainable policies and decisions
would need to be justified in relation to these explicit sustainability premises and principles. The
suggestion of writing and/or adopting new constitutions is usually tossed into the ‘too hard’ basket.
3
However, the founders of the US Constitution managed without the internet or computers to aid in
their communications. Also, it can be easier for a community, region or nation to negotiate principles
that are fundamental and universal than case-specific decisions that threaten people’s immediate or
vested interests. Once there is agreement on general principles, it is then easier to gain acceptance
of more specific policies and programmes flowing from the agreed Constitution.
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