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Don’t we still need to resolve competing interests in land through planning?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

Don’t we still need to resolve competing interests in land through planning?
True. Most conflicts over land could be said to result from poor planning due to our lack of 
understanding of ecology. Once there are conflicts or competing proposals, however, planning 
requires processes that can resolve them.
19
Where there are developers and community groups with 
radically opposed positions, there is usually an alternative design solution that can satisfy both parties.
Environmental mediation works by bringing opposing parties around a table and focusing on a site 
plan or area map – not on their initial positions.
20
By engaging in creative and fun activity, erstwhile 
opponents stop worrying about winning or losing, and begin coming up with ideas that add value.
This can be virtually the opposite of ‘work’. Ideas tend to 
flow 
from the free exploration of ideas 
and collaborative, interactive processes [Figure 11].
21
Design comes from free ‘play’ – rather than 
work, struggle and competition.
22
By value-adding or splicing, rather than trading off or pruning, 
design can replace win–lose struggles by virtuous circles of cooperative conflict-prevention processes.
So good design can find ways to meet the legitimate needs and interests of all parties. A partial 
prototype for positive planning blossomed for a short time in the 1960s in the US. The ‘advocacy 
planning’ process was not entirely dissimilar to what is now called ‘action research’, except it was more 
activistic and change-oriented.
23
Advocacy planning began from the public interest and fostered 
design through cross-sectional collaboration and participation.
24
Designers and planners worked 
with
the disadvantaged, rather than workshopping or managing them. As a part of the ‘war on 
poverty’, however, most advocacy planning organizations were, ironically, starved out of existence 
within a decade.
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