‘This is a wonderful book that should be on the desk of every architect and planner. It shows how


If this is profitable, why doesn’t private development do this on its own?



Download 3,71 Mb.
Pdf ko'rish
bet177/467
Sana27.06.2022
Hajmi3,71 Mb.
#707769
1   ...   173   174   175   176   177   178   179   180   ...   467
Bog'liq
Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

If this is profitable, why doesn’t private development do this on its own?
It does. However, private businesses will often pick the lowest hanging fruit and leave the rest to rot.
This means the profits from eco-efficiencies fail to subsidize less profitable efficiencies. Therefore, the 
solutions chosen by the private sector are often sub-optimal. For example, consider the enormous 
‘wastes’ from the wood chipping of native forests in Tasmania. An industry might decide to use 
woodchips or milling waste as an alternative to fossil fuels in electricity generation (‘pyrolysis’), or 


137
Regional Sustainability Audits
as biomass for methane production. This can save money and offset negative impacts. Generally, 
it would not be net positive, however. Burning woodchips generates greenhouse gases and wastes 
organic materials that could be used for bio-productive purposes like growing food, while sequestering 
greenhouse gases for a while. Thinking in somewhat wider circles, it might make sense to add 
value by composting the chips with appropriate additives to create soil conditioners for remediating 
agricultural areas near the forestry operations. But from a whole systems view, these remedial uses 
for woodchips might delay the transformation from mining native forests to practising eco-forestry.
15
Currently, for example, Tasmania’s wilderness areas are still being woodchipped for pulp. That is, 
they are not even used for timber. As opportunities for eco-efficiencies captured by the market are 
often sub-optimal, regional planners are needed to guide investment towards positive, whole systems 
solutions [Chapter 14]. 
Are there urban and regional metabolism studies that guide investment? 
Metabolic studies have been around for some decades.
16
However, like many other environmental 
management methods, they are often still at the ‘problem description’ phase.
17
MFA has been used 
to calculate the stocks and flows of natural and manufactured resources flowing through a city, farm, 
region or country. A growing number of researchers in several countries have used MFAs at local, 
regional and national levels to analyse social, economic and environmental problems.
18
Stephen 
Boyden was one of the first to conduct an on-ground metabolic analysis of an urban system, by 
tracing the material flows in and out of Hong Kong in the 1960s.
19
As outlined by Boyden, MFAs 
have three components:
1
Inputs
: At the urban scale, disruption to ecosystems result from impacts related to metabolic 
inputs, such as the harvesting of vegetation for food, timber and fibres (causing soil erosion,
salinization, disruption of nutrient cycles, loss of biodiversity and the progressive
colonization of the natural world).
2
Outputs
: Chemical pollution is associated mainly with metabolic outputs, causing acid 
rain, contamination of rivers with nitrogen and phosphorus, greenhouse emissions and
ozone depletion, and the release of an increasing number of toxic substances into the
biosphere. 
3

Download 3,71 Mb.

Do'stlaringiz bilan baham:
1   ...   173   174   175   176   177   178   179   180   ...   467




Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©hozir.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling

kiriting | ro'yxatdan o'tish
    Bosh sahifa
юртда тантана
Боғда битган
Бугун юртда
Эшитганлар жилманглар
Эшитмадим деманглар
битган бодомлар
Yangiariq tumani
qitish marakazi
Raqamli texnologiyalar
ilishida muhokamadan
tasdiqqa tavsiya
tavsiya etilgan
iqtisodiyot kafedrasi
steiermarkischen landesregierung
asarlaringizni yuboring
o'zingizning asarlaringizni
Iltimos faqat
faqat o'zingizning
steierm rkischen
landesregierung fachabteilung
rkischen landesregierung
hamshira loyihasi
loyihasi mavsum
faolyatining oqibatlari
asosiy adabiyotlar
fakulteti ahborot
ahborot havfsizligi
havfsizligi kafedrasi
fanidan bo’yicha
fakulteti iqtisodiyot
boshqaruv fakulteti
chiqarishda boshqaruv
ishlab chiqarishda
iqtisodiyot fakultet
multiservis tarmoqlari
fanidan asosiy
Uzbek fanidan
mavzulari potok
asosidagi multiservis
'aliyyil a'ziym
billahil 'aliyyil
illaa billahil
quvvata illaa
falah' deganida
Kompyuter savodxonligi
bo’yicha mustaqil
'alal falah'
Hayya 'alal
'alas soloh
Hayya 'alas
mavsum boyicha


yuklab olish