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Isn’t it enough that EFs reveal disparities of wealth and resource control?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

Isn’t it enough that EFs reveal disparities of wealth and resource control?
No. EF analysis certainly highlights inequities in existing conditions, but we already know that there 
are great disparities in wealth, access and power. The issue is how to redistribute resources and 
amenities in win–win–win ways that minimize the 
causes
of social dislocation and further conflict. In 
some cases EF analysis, like other tools, can be used to support preconceived solutions. For instance
some EF studies of Western cities have classified the consumption of household products by factors 
like family type, size, land occupied and income bracket. But when smaller families occupy more 
land area, it does not mean they necessarily alienate land from future ecological functions. So the 
ecological and geographical footprint are sometimes confused. This confusion appears to be because 
certain EF studies were based on the 
preconceived
notion that sprawl was the big issue. Therefore, 
reducing ‘effective’ land area per person (urban consolidation) was the ‘solution’ [Chapter 3]. The fact 


134
Positive Development
that small families sometimes use more space than large ones could lead to strange conclusions. For 
example, the author heard a conference speaker argue that polygamy is more ecologically responsible 
than traditional family units because we need to share (private) space. According to him, promiscuous 
lifestyles are apparently more sustainable.
9
People’s effect on material flows may also depend more 
on the 
type
of products they consume and from where they are sourced (eg ‘food miles’).
10
The 
focus on families and individuals in some EF studies derives from a dominant problem description: 
that reducing resource consumption is a matter of individual behaviour, not systems. This deflects 
attention from, say, large corporations with vested interests in continued net resource consumption.
Gains from squeezing people into smaller ‘shoes’ may be cancelled out by the increasing number of 
luxury shoes for the wealthy.

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