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How does EF analysis deal with problems of inequitable consumption?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

How does EF analysis deal with problems of inequitable consumption?
EF analysis shows that people in the industrialized world are, in effect, eliminating far more of the 


133
Regional Sustainability Audits
world’s means of survival (land and water equivalence) than ‘Third World’ countries. EF analysis is 
useful for visualizing the problem of over-consumption. It is also able to portray the often inverse 
relationship between population size and per capita consumption. As environmentalists have long 
pointed out, children from wealthy nations can consume over 400 times more than an average child 
from an impoverished nation.
6
This deflates the common position that population growth in poor 
nations is 
the
problem – a view that may have helped some to ignore systematic genocide in Africa.
Both consumption and population are critical issues in all countries, but in different respects. On the 
one hand, poverty drives environmental destruction, such as land clearing and poaching for food. On 
the other hand, over-consumption in some nations is made possible by poverty in other places, for 
example the exploitation of cheap foreign resources and labour. It also helps to communicate the idea 
that urban land use has a significant relationship to regional carrying capacity, and that humans as a 
whole are using more resources than the Earth can sustain. So EF analysis conveys the importance 
of 
inequitable
consumption of resources in reducing increasing total global resource consumption.
Does EF analysis point to ‘solutions’ to the global inequities it exposes?
Not directly. The EF is an abstracted and generalized measure of 
negative
impacts. It converts 
completely incommensurate issues, like air pollution and timber consumption, to a common 
factor. That factor, however, is ‘tangible’. Land or carrying capacity is more concrete than rubbery 
concepts like willingness to pay, satisfaction or money, which are subject to inflation and political 
spin-doctoring. For example, we can print more money, which would affect the value of money, but 
not necessarily relative happiness [Box 34]. The tensions in relationships between consumption, 
population, land area and carrying capacity depend on the specific biophysical and socio-political 
context. Solutions therefore also depend on that site-specific context. Further, the EF does not 
measure what is arguably the most fundamental equity issue in sustainability. Specifically, that 
access to the means of survival is being transferred from civil society and placed in the control of 
private corporate interests and bureaucracies. We have noted that, over time, this tends to close off 
future social options and democratic choice. An EF analysis may communicate that water is being 
consumed at an unsustainable rate, but 
not
how much water has been allocated to private (corporate 
or bureaucratic) control. It does not register how, in many parts of the world, water is being sold out 
from under the poor, who now cannot afford what was once a widely accessible means of survival.
7
In recent years, for example, many farmers have committed suicide in public protest over the loss of 
their water and/or land.
8

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