Think Again

“My experience and knowledge”
: Agence France Presse, “Iceland’s Crisis-Era Central Bank Chief
to Run for President,” Yahoo! News, May 8, 2016, 
www.yahoo.com/news/icelands-crisis-era-
central-bank-chief-run-president-152717120.html
.
women typically underestimated
: Samantha C. Paustian-Underdahl, Lisa Slattery Walker, and
David J. Woehr, “Gender and Perceptions of Leadership Effectiveness: A Meta-analysis of
Contextual Moderators,” Journal of Applied Psychology 99 (2014): 1129–45.
competence exceeds confidence
: Mark R. Leary et al., “The Impostor Phenomenon: Self-
Perceptions, Reflected Appraisals, and Interpersonal Strategies,” Journal of Personality 68
(2000): 725–56; Karina K. L. Mak, Sabina Kleitman, and Maree J. Abbott, “Impostor
Phenomenon Measurement Scales: A Systematic Review,” Frontiers in Psychology 10 (2019):
671.
Ig™ Nobel Prize
: Improbable, “The 2000 Ig™ Nobel Prize Ceremony,” October 5, 2000,
www.improbable.com/ig/2000
.
original Dunning-Kruger studies
: Justin Kruger and David Dunning, “Unskilled and Unaware of
It: How Difficulties in Recognizing One’s Own Incompetence Lead to Inflated Self-
Assessments,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 77 (1999): 1121–34.
The less intelligent we are
: John D. Mayer, A. T. Panter, and David R. Caruso, “When People
Estimate Their Personal Intelligence Who Is Overconfident? Who Is Accurate?,” Journal of
Personality (May 19, 2020).
when economists evaluated
: Nicholas Bloom, Renata Lemos, Raffaella Sadun, Daniela Scur, and
John Van Reenen, “JEEA-FBBVA Lecture 2013: The New Empirical Economics of
Management,” Journal of the European Economic Association 12 (2014): 835–76,
https://doi.org/10.1111/jeea.12094
.