Theory of Translation 1 Introduction

6)
 
Blank verse translation
, where, the emphasis is on structure. 
7)
 
Interpretation
, where the substance of the SL text is retained but the form is 
changed, and imitation, where the translator creates his own poem having 
‘only title and point of departure, if those in common with the source text’ 
(qtd. in Das Bijaykumar, 34). 
Lefevere deals with the problems involved in the translation of poetry in line with the 
methods formulated above. In most of the types, he speaks of distortion of the sense, 
syntax and communicative value in the source text. In fact, it is the poetic language 
that tends to be problematic for the translator of poetry.
2.7.2 J. C. Catford 
J. C. Catford classifies translation in terms of extent, level and ranks. In terms of 
extent, a translation can be ‘full’ or ‘partial’. In a ‘full’ translation, every part of the 
SL text is replaced by the material in the TL text. Catford explains: 
In a partial translation, some part or parts of the SL text are left untranslated … 
In literary translation, it is not uncommon for some SL lexical items to be 
treated in this way, either because they are regarded as ‘untranslatable’ or for 
the deliberate purpose of introducing ‘local colour’ into the TL text (qtd. in Das 
Bijaykumar, 31). 

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Further, Catford explains that in ‘full/total’ translation, “the SL grammar and lexis is 
replaced by equivalent TL grammar and lexis with “consequential replacement of SL 
phonology/ graphology”. However, in the translation of poetry, the translator tries to 
create equivalent sound effects in the target language. In a restricted translation, the 
SL textual material is replaced by equivalent TL textual material at only one level. 
‘Phonological translation’ is a kind of ‘restricted’ translation where the phonology of 
the source language text is substituted by equivalent phonology in the target language. 
The grammar and lexis of the source language text remain the same, except the 
random grammatical or lexical deviations. 
Another kind of translation is ‘rank bound’ translation. It connects the rank in a 
grammatical hierarchy with the formed translation. In this type, the TL equivalents at 
the same rank are selected. A ‘word-rank-bound’ translation is necessary to show the 
differences between the two languages concerned in the process of translation (32).