Theory and practice of translation

QUESTIONS FOR SELF CONTROL:
1. What is methodological basis of translation?
2. What types of translation are there?
3. What is equivalence in translation?
4. What are the main types of equivalence in translation?
5. What are the two principles of translation classification? What are the main types of translation? What is the difference between literary and informative translations?
6. How can literary translations be sudivided? What is the main difficulty of translating a work of high literary merit? What qualities and skills are expected of a literary translator?
7. How can informative translations be subdivided? Are there any intermediate types of translation? What type of informative translations plays an especially important role in the modern world?
8. What is the main goal of a technical translation? What specific requirements is the technical translator expected to meet? What problems is the theory of technical translation concerned with?
9. What are the main characteristics of translations dealing with newspaper, diplomatic and other official materials? What specific problems emerge in translating film scripts and commercial advertisements?

RECOMMENDED LITERATURE

1.. Shvaytser A.D. Translation and linguistics .M. 1973.
2. Levitskaya T.R, Fiterman A.M. The problem of Translation on the material of the contemporary English language. M. 1974.
3. Nida.E. Towards a science of translation. Leiden. 1964.
4. Roger. N. Bell. Translation and translating . (Theory and practice). London, New York. 1995.

LECTURE 3
Lexical-semantic problems of translation. Degrees of lexical correspondences (complete, partial, absence) and their description: translation of international and pseudo international words. translation of culturally marked words – realia words. the role and types of transformations. lexical transformations: supplementation, omission, and compensation.
PROBLEMS FOR DISCUSSION
Lexical problems of translation.

4. 
   Complete lexical correspondences.
   
5.